CREAR TEST

TEST BORRADO, QUIZÁS LE INTERESE: Gramática inglesa

COMENTARIOS	ESTADÍSTICAS	RÉCORDS

REALIZAR TEST

Título del Test: Gramática inglesa Descripción: Exámenes y PECs Gramática Inglesa del Grado en Estudios Ingleses 2012-2015 Autor: Mirela OTROS TESTS DEL AUTOR Fecha de Creación: 05/01/2016 Categoría: UNED Número Preguntas: 351

COMPARTE EL TEST

COMENTAR

No hay ningún comentario sobre este test.

Temario:

Which of the following is NOT a semantic role (component of a state of affairs)? Attribute Circumstance Participant Explanation. Which of the following statements about meanings (interpretations of clause structure) is NOT true? - Representational meaning has to do with the content message The representational meaning of the clause is encoded through the transitivity structures The roles adopted as speakers to exchange information, get things done, etc are those of the “questioner” and “informant” The rheme is the point of departure for the message, which in English coincides with the initial element(s) of the clause IS THEME. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A process is an action, event, state or type of behavior A circumstance is a type of semantic function An attribute is a quality or characteristic of a participant A participant is an animate entity involved in a process . What is theme of a message? Its point of departure The new information it provides The initial wird of the sentence An experiential function. Which is the finite operator in the sentence “I might give you A+ for your test”? I Might Give You. Which of the following statements is NOT necessarily true? A clause consists of one or more groups A group consists of one or more phrases (WORDS) A group consists of one or more words A word consists of one or more morphemes. What is “You” in “You were bought a lot of drinks last night”? Attribute Circumstance Recipient Beneficiary. What is necessary in English to ask a question and negate a clause? A predicat A finite operator A process An action. Which of the following transitive verbs don't passivize? Some common verbs which take atypical direct objects All transitive verbs passivize Some common verbs with clausal direct objects Transitive verbs never passivize . What role does “there” have in an existential process? Agent A participant with no semantic content (NO PARTICIPANT, no es ni agent, ni recipient ni affected) Existent An empty subject. Which semantic functions correspond to indirect objects? Agents and Experiencers Recipients and Beneficiaries Circumstances Direct objects and prepositional objects. How are clauses classified according to polarity? Declarative, Interrogative, Exclamative and Directive Affirmative and Negative Interrogative yes/no and interrogative Wh- Positive and Denial. Having the Direct Object as Theme in a declarative clause is: An unmarked choice (SUBJECT AS THEME) A marked choice A topical choice Incorrect. What are information units? The equivalents of speech units The “chunks” or segments into which messages are divided in order to be understood The focus of information of a clause The distribution of information into Given and New . What type of relationship is apposition? A relationship close of coordination but without a specific link A semantic relationship of interdependency with overt markers A syntactic relationship of equivalence between non-equivalent clauses A relationship whereby one clause provides circumstantial information about another o . Which of the following is NOT a level of Topic? Text level Paragraph level Sentence level Group level. Why are there three types of clause structure? To show the tripartite nature and analysisi of clauses from a functional perspective Each type of clause structure corresponds to a different mood; i.e, declarative, interrogative and negative Each type of clause structure corresponds to the following distinction: simple, complex (subordination) and compound (coordination) To reflect the different conceptualizations of reality by the speakers (LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION? No conceptualizations) . Which of the following is a definition of a non-finite clause? A clause where the form of the verb chosen reflects the speaker's wish to express tense or modality A clause which is complete in itself, i.e, it does not form part of a larger structure A clause where the form of the verb chosen reflects the speaker's wish not to express tense or modality A clause which is not integrated into the main clause and adds supplementary information. Which of the following is NOT a proper group? Verbal group Prepositional group Nominal group Adjectival group. Which of the following is a non-assertive word? Still Ever Someone Already. Which of the following statements is NOT true? It is more accurate to talk of transitive and intransitive uses of verbs than of transitive and intransitive verbs A locative is a type of circumstantial adjunct Subjects complements are required by copular verbs The more subsidiary an element, the more movable it is in the clause . What does the predicator determine? The number and type of objects and complements in a clause The number and type of adjuncts in a clause The concord with the subject The position of the rest of the elements in the clause. Transferred negation consists of... Displacing the negative element from its logical place in the main clause to negate the verb in the reported clause Displacing the negative element from its logical place in the reported clause to negate the verb in the main clause Transferring the negative element to an informationally relevant position Transferring the negative element to the theme position. Which of the following verbs do NOT typically lead us to specify some characteristic of the Direct Object? Stay Find Make Appoint. What do object complement do? Characterise direct objects by a relational attribute Characterise direct objects by an enhancing attribute Characterise direct objects by an objective attribute Characterise direct objects by a qualitative or a substantive attribute . Which of the following is NOT a type of transitive complementation? Indirect object + direct object Prepositional object Direct Object Indirect Object. Which of the following is NOT a material process? Doing Happening Causing Making . Which verbs do NOT appear in existential clauses To be Intransitive verbs expressing positional states Intransitive dynamic verbs Core transitive verbs. What is the typical equivalent of the agent in an attributive structure? The Experiencer The Attribute The Carrier (CARRIER+PROCESS+ATTRIBUTE como en Laura was a musician) The Identifier. Which of the following is an alternative interrogative? Do you study Linguistics or Literature? Se contesta una u otra, no si o no, como debería ser en una y/n quest. Do you alternate between 2 cities? Which colour is your favourite? How do you take your coffe?. Which of the following realizations of the direct object is not possible? Prepositional Phrase Finite Clause Adjectival Group Non-finite clause. What falls on the last non-anaphoric lexical item of the information unit? Marked focus Tonic syllable Unmarked focus Tonic prominence. What types of element do you leave out in conversation and writing that imitates speech? Stressed pronouns and determiners Key non-functional items and lexical words Non-recoverable material Elements which are recoverable from the interactional context . In coordinated clauses the second clause is said to expand the first clause by... Elaborating it Extending it Enhancing it Linking it. When is there a Topical Theme? When Theme conflates with Topic and Subject When Theme is realised by a temporal or spatial Adjunct When Theme is a fronted Complement When Theme is a fronted Object. What does the acronym “NICE” refer to? The function of Negation, Inversion, Code and Emphasis of the operator The functions of Negation, Inversion, Coordination and Expansion of a eide group of conjunctions and adjuncts The functions of Negation, Impersonalization (Passivization), Context and Experientially, in reference to clausal meaning None of the above . Which type of element can receive the focus in any given clause? The operator The subject The post-verbal unit in transitive structure Any element at all (Assigning focus to practically any item . What is thematisation? Thematic fronting Thematic progression Thematic incorporation Thematic suppression . Which of the following is NOT an experiential type of determination by which referent things can be particularized in English? Defining and particularizing Quatifying and distributing Semi-determinatives Pre- and post- modifiers . Which of the following is NOT a type of experiential Theme? Epistemic (like certainly) Evidential (like apparently) Evaluative (like surprisingly, surely) Enquiring (like what, whose) . Which of the following is a marked Theme in a non-declarative clause? Operator + subject (yes/no interrogatives) Wh-word (in wh- interrogatives) Base form of verb in 2nd person (in imperatives) Emphatic do (in imperatives). Finite verbs: Are always marked for modality and tense Are marked either for modality or for tense Always have an overt subject Non of the above are correct. What does an attribute NOT do? Characterize a participant Identify a participant Locate a participant in space or time Subsume a paricipant . An embedded clause does NOT have... A syntactic relatuin of dependency with respect to the main one A structure that is often dictated by the verb of the main clause A semantic function within the main clause A functional parallelism with adjuncts necessarily . What is necessary for textual ellipsis to occur? Common processes Common function words Common informational patterns Elements in common . What is the effect of a negative adverb at the beginning of a declarative clause? An emphatic, marked effect A thematical effect A subject-like effect The inversion of the predicator. How can a recipient and a beneficiary be subjects? They cannot be subjects In existential processes In material processes In passive structures. What is a direct speech act? - A face-to-face communicative act between two people - An utterance with a specific addressee - A speech act which uses the clause typically associated with it - An oral speech act. What is the role of the Recipient in processes of saying and communicating? - It is only necessarily required by “tell” (También con show, teach PÁGINA 106) - it is always an optional constituent (No, es requerido por tell PÁGINA 106) - It is implicit in every clause - It is not part of a core communicative clause (PÁGINA 302) . What do attributive patterns and identifying patterns have in common? - They are both types of relational processes - They are both reversible - They are both copular - They can both be divided between current and resulting structures . What is the name of the “doer” in a mental process? - Agent - Thinker - Experiencier - Phenomenon. Which paricipants take part in a process of transfer? - An agent, a process, an affected a recipient and a beneficiary - An agent, a process and a recipient or a beneficiary - An agent, an affected and a recipient or a beneficiary - A process, an affected, and a recipient or a beneficiary . What two major patterns of “being” (as a relational process) are there in English? Possessive and circumstantial Identifying and attributive Value and token Carrier and Sayer . What is anticipatory “it”? It is a structurally empty subject It is a semantically empty pronoun It is linguistically empty object It is a dummy constituent of the predicate. Which of the following is an assertive word? - Anything - Still - Ever - Much. Which type of adjunct provides experiential details about the action or state described by the verb? - Circumstantial adjuncts - Supplementative adjuncts - Adjunctive adjuncts - Operator-related adjuncts. Which of the following is NOT related to discourse markers? They mark a new speaker's turn in the conversation They mark the management of information They mark uncommon non-institutionalized connective adjuncts They mark the speaker's attitude to the message . What type of element corresponds to the structure: “lexical verb + particle + preposition? - Phrasal verb - Prepositional verb - Phrasal prepositional verb - Prepositional phrasal verb. Which of the following elements are obligatory in a prepositional phrase? - Head - Head and complement - Head, complement and modifier - Head, complement, modifier and qualifier. Identify which of the following is NOT a primary element or function of a group Agent Head Complement Qualifier. Which of the following is NOT a syntactic element of a clause? Circumstantial adjunct Stance adjunct Connective adjunct Subjunctive adjunct . Which of the following is NOT an experiential type of determination by which referent things can be particularized in English? Defining and particularizing Quatifying and distributing Semi-determinatives Pre- and post- modifiers . What does the term “enhancing” refer to? A way of expanding a message by augmenting the content with a positive intention A combination of coordination and circumstantial meaning A way of providing dicourse context by expressing meanings of simultaneity, sequentiality, condition, cause-effect, result and concession A way of expanding the meaning of the main clause by providing some circumstantial feature . Which of the following is NOT a semantic role (component of a state of affairs)? Attribute Circumstance Participant Explanation . Which of the following sentences does NOT contain a locative/goal complement? She talked me into going with them Keep your elbows off the table Hold your head up He wrote his memories once for all . Which of the following is NOT a level of Topic? Which of the following is NOT a level of Topic? Paragraph level Sentence level Group level . What type of relationship is apposition? A relationship close of coordination but without a specific link A semantic relationship of interdependency with overt markers A syntactic relationship of equivalence between non-equivalent clauses A relationship whereby one clause provides circumstantial information about another one . What does thematisation involve? Talking an element to the end of the sentence Altering the syntactic function of the main participants Modifying the information pattern of the clause Bringing an element to initial position . Which of the following statements about meanings (interpretations of clause structure is NOT true? Representational meaning has to do with the content of the message The representational meaning of the clause is encoded through the transitivity structures The roles adopted as speakers to exchange information, get things done, etc are those of “questioner” and “informant” The rheme is the point of departure for the message which in English coincides with the initial element(s) of the clause . What are information units? The equivalents of speech units The “chunks” or segments into which messages are divided in order to be understood The focus of information of a clause The distribution of information into Given and New . Having the Direct Object as Theme in a declarative clause is: An unmarked choice A marked choice A topical choice Incorrect. How are clauses classified according to polarity? Declarative, Interrogative, Exclamative and Directive Affirmative and Negative Interrogative yes/no and interrogative wh- Positive and Denial. Which semantic functions correspond to indirect objects? Agents and Experiencers Recipients and Beneficiaries Circumstances Direct Objects and prepositional objects. What role does “there” hace in an existential process? Agent A participant with no semantic content Existent An empty subject. Which of the following transitive verbs don't passivize? Some common verbs which take atypical direct objects All transitive verbs passivise Some common verbs with clausal direct objects Transitive verbs never passivize . What is necessary in English to ask a question and negate a clause? A predicate A finite operator A process An action. What is “You” In “You were bought a lot of drinks last night”? Attribute Circumstance Recipient Beneficiary. Which is the finite operator in the sentence “I might have you A+ for your test”? I Might Give You. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A process is an action, event, state or type of behavior A circumstance is a type of semantic function An attribute is a quality or characteristic of a participant A participant is an animate entity involved in a process . What type of concept is “state of affairs”? Situational Extralinguistic Strictly linguistic Semantic. What is “him” in “They caught him stealing from the till”? The direct object of the subordinate clause. The deep subject of the main clause. The indirect object of the superordinate clause. The object of the superordinate clause and the subject of the subordinate clause. What type of structure is “There emerged a huge monster”? A monotransitive clause. A copular clause with a relational verb of existence. An existential clause with an intransitive dynamic verb. The sentence is not correct in standard English. What is “October 12” in “October 12 received Christopher Columbus and his sailors”? A non--‐agentive Subject. An inversed temporal Adjunct. A temporal circumstance functioning as a locative Subject. An empty or dummy subject. What is a rebuke? An illocutionary force typically expressed as a directive. A directive illocutionary force expressed in the interrogative form. An illocutionary force often expressed with an interrogative clause. A request expressed in the imperative. The following is NOT a type of topic: local topic episode topic global topic marked topic. What is a question tag with constant polarity? A question tag with neither a rising nor a falling final intonation. A question tag whose polarity coincides with that of the main clause A question tag with no polarity at all (also known as polarity zero). A question tag whose polarity is opposite to that of the main clause. What is an abbreviated clause? A dependent clause expressed in telegraphic style for economy of expression. An independent simple clause with a pronominal subject and object. An independent ellipted clause based on subject--‐operator and operator--‐ subject patterns. A dependent clause typically used in the context of a conversation when there is sufficient common real world . What does a hearer use to recover the intended meaning of an utterance? The passive structure. The cleft structure. Cultural knowledge. The intended meaning of an utterance cannot be recovered. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A declarative can be used to ask questions. A declarative can be used to issue directives. A declarative can be used to utter exclamations. All of the statements above are false. . What is the analysis of: “The Americans reelected Obama president of the United States”? S+V+DO S+V+DO+PO S+V+DO+IO S+V+DO+OC. What is the correct analysis of the predicate in: They believed in the emperor? V (believed) + adjunct (in the emperor) V (believed in) + Prepositional Object (the emperor) V (believed) + Locative Complement (in the emperor) V (believed in) + Direct Object (the emperor) . Which of the following processes is borderline between mental and material processes? Happening Relational. Behavioural. There is no overlap between these two types of processes. What is the basic speech act of imperatives? Making an exclamatory request. Issuing a directive Orders and invitations. Making a statement of instruction or prohibition. What is “how” in “How kind of you!”? A manner pronoun. A degree adverb. A pronominal exclamative particle. A determinative. What type of verb is an imperative from a functional point of view? A finite verb. An operator. A non--‐finite verb. It shares functions with finite and non--‐finite verbs. What is the subjunctive in English? A verb form with a few marginal roles. A clause type that denotes a certain mood. A common expression of non--‐factual meaning Any type of verb with tense or modality. The following is NOT an adjunct of stance: epistemic evidential appellative evaluative. Which of the following clauses can be shifted to the end of the sentence in order to follow the end weight principle? Finite that--‐ clauses. Wh--‐ nominal clauses. Wh--‐interrogative clauses. All of them, when they are longer and heavier than other elements in the clause. What type of verb is “get” in “He got the problem sorted in no time”? copular intransitive causative defective. Which of the following circumstances DOES NOT favour the omission of complementizer “that”? The main clause is in the passive voice. The subject of the that--‐clause is a pronoun. The presence of “think” and “say” as main verbs. The subject of the that--‐clause has the same referent as the subject of the main clause. What defines a non--‐finite clause? It has no subject. It has no tense or modality It is either a to--‐infinitive clause, an –ing clause or an –en clause. It is always embedded. Where is the whole Direct Object in the sentence: “We all considered it odd that they didn’t turn up at the party in the end”? it it/all it/odd it/that they didn’t turn up at the party in the end. What is the function of “to talk to” in “Rosie is difficult to talk to sometimes.”? A subject complement An object complement A locative complement The complement of an adjective. What is the subject of the sentence: “It is Tuesday when I go to the physio.”? When I go to the physio Tuesday I It. What is the syntactic structure of the clause: “She placed the contents of the bag on the bed”? S--‐P--‐Od--‐A S--‐P--‐Od--‐Cloc S--‐P--‐Od--‐Oi S--‐P--‐C. What type of verb is a copula? A modal operator. A defective verb. An intransitive verb. A transitive verb. Which of the following statements is false? Complements are functional categories. Complements are constituents. Complements are participants. Complements are compulsory elements in the clause both from a semantic and a syntactic viewpoint. . What is a Cloc? One of the major functional categories of the clause The most frequent type of circumstantial complement. Typically a primary participant in the clause. A subsidiary element which is typical of copular clauses. What is a compound sentence? A complex clause. A unit containing at least one embedded clause. A unit containing at least one dependent clause. A unit containing two or more coordinated clauses. What is the difference between “She isn’t anybody important in the showbiz yet” and “She is nobody important in the showbiz yet”? None. One of them is ironic and implies the opposite to what it says. One is more emphatic than the other. One of them is not correct. . Which of the following statements is true? Subjects are always nominal groups. Adverbial groups are always adjuncts Indirect objects are always Pps. Finite operators are always verbs. . Why does SFG distinguish PPs and not Prepositional Groups? Because, unlike the other cases, PPs have two obligatory elements. Because the head of a PP is a preposition, not a fully lexico--‐semantic element. Because the head of a PP can be accompanied by both a complement and a modifier. Pps may also be called Prepositional Groups indistinctively. . What is “president of the USA” in “The Americans reelected Obama president of the USA”? Circumstantial Complement Object Complement Subject Complement Subject. Which of the following types of clauses CANNOT be typically classified as abbreviated clauses in SFG terms? Responses in conversation. Telegraphic language. Question tags. Reprimands such as “Must you?”. Which of the following sentences contains a non--‐finite clause? What a wonderful man he was! Can you help me try these trousers on? She can choose whichever she wants to. I am suggesting that you come at once. What does fronting involve? Giving New Information type of prominence to an element. Bringing an element to the initial position. Bringing an element to the end of the sentence. Manipulating the message for syntactic purposes. Which linguistic operation CANNOT be performed to disambiguate a given sentence like “The man saw the girl with the telescope”? Transitivity Fronting Passivisation Coordination. What is the Theme in “We wish you a Merry Christmas”? A Merry Christmas You Wish We. What are long subjects clauses (like “That you are going on holidays to Tokyo” in “That you are going on holidays to Tokyo pleases me”) usually avoided? Because they violate the end-weight principle Because they sound infantile Because they are ungrammatical Because the Rheme is preferablu occupied by the Agent-Subject in statements. Which of the following segments of discourse provide evidence of Topic continuity? Where are you? You are there Where are you? Here Where are you? Here I'm Where are you? I'm here. What is the unmarked correlation between Given-New and Theme-Rheme? Given coincides with part of New and the Theme with the Rheme Given coincides with New and the Theme with part of the Rheme Given coincides with the Rheme and New with part of the Theme Given coincides with the Theme and New with part of the Rheme. Which is a conventional speech act for a declarative clause? Tag question Exclamation Directive Statement. What is “scope of negation”? The determiners pronouns and adverbs with a negative meaning The part of the clause that is syntactically affected by a given non-assertive word The semantic influence that a negative word has on the rest of the clause that follows it The level of non-assertiveness of some words and expressions. Which of the following tests is NOT used to identify a direct object? Pronominalisation Promotion to subject in a passive structure Prototypification Relative position with respect to the indirect object. Which of the following statements is true? Only modals and primary verbs require a finite verb The same verb may have tense and modality The infinitive, the paricipial and the conditional are non-finite verbal forms A catenative verb controls a non-finite complement. What triggers the auxiliary inversion in the sentence “Never hate I seen such a mess in my life!”? The end-weight principle A thematised negative constituent Affective or emotional language Emphatic negation. Which is the type of progression where something introduced as new information in the Rheme of the first clause is taken up to be the Theme of the second? A progression with a split Rheme Derived Theme progression Continuous (Constant Theme) progression Simple linear progression. What phenomenon can you see in the sentence: “That call, was it from my mum”? Central-dislocation Left-dislocation Right-dislocation Absolute theme. Which element leads the empathy hierarchy? An abstract entity A physical object The hearer The speaker. Why may a unit be made discontinuous (as, for example, in “You did it yourself”? To avoid awkward emphases For comparison To create contrasts between the discontinuous units To prevent the units to the left of the verb from being too long and heavy . Which type of active construction has the Agent mapped on to Subject and Theme/Topic? Semi-passive Semi-active Passive Active. What type of speech act corresponds to the sentence: “How could you be so careless”? Rebuke Prelude to request Disbelief Request. Which of the following statements does NOT correspond to explicit performatives? All verbs are potentially performative The subject pronoun must be “I” or “We” The tense cannot be past The aspect cannot be perfect . What is interpersonal meaning? The type of meaning that is implicit in the mutual hierarchical relationship between two or more interlocutors The meaning of an organised message in relation to what precedes it in the discourse The meaning that has to do with the content of the message The type of meaning encoded as questions, statements, offers, reminders, thanks, etc . Which of the following sentences is most emphatic? “b” and “c” are equally emphatic What I need is love It is love that I need I need love. What is the syntactic role of “The Beatles” in the sentence “The Beatles, without Sgt. Pepper we wouldn't have even half the pop music we have now”? None The subject complement The direct object The subject . Which of the following sentences has a marked Theme? Have your tickets ready! When will we be comming to England We'll reach Toledo at noon? We are going where? . What is the difference between “Mary was promoted” and “Mary got promoted”? The former is more adverse than beneficial The latter suggests certain degree of involvement on the part of the speaker The former grammaticalises affective meaning The latter indicates a passive role on the side of the Affected . What is the Theme in the sentence “Ladies and gentlemen, tonight we are going to listen to a wonderful singer”? Ladies and gentlemen, tonight we Ladies and gentlemen, tonight Ladies and gentlemen Ladies . What is a queclarative? A declarative which seeks confirmation An assertive negative statement A reversal tag question A rhetorical question . What is the indicative? A grammaticalization of our acting on others to have things done A grammatical category typically used for the exchange of iformation The modality present in speech acts with a finite illocutionary force A declarative structure used to point at objects or abstract concepts, either literally or figuratively . Which of the following is a direct speech act A declarative with the illocutiorary form of a directive A declarative with the illocutiorary form of a exclamation A declarative with the illocutiorary form of a question A declarative with the illocutiorary form of a statement . What is the status of ellipted responses like “Yes, I do; No he isn't”? Verbless clauses Abbreviated clauses Queclarative clauses Supplementive clauses. Which of the following syntactic roles/functions can be played by the interrogative wh-word “whom”? Direct Object Object Complement Subject Operator. What is a difference between an assertive word and a non-assertive word? The latter occurs in either negative or interrogative clauses The former always occurs in affirmative clauses The latter always occurs in negative clauses The former always has factual meanings. What is “to love you sometimes” in “It's difficult to love you sometimes”? The non-thematised subject A nominal relative clause and a non-finite complement A subject complement and an attribute An adjectival complement and an extraposed subject. Which of the following statements is true about the English language? All verbs have tense and modality All independent clauses are finite All dependent clauses are non-finite The same clause may be both finite and non-finite. What elements are typically omitted in a verbless clause? Everything except the adjuncts The subject and the verb The subject (typically recoverable from the situational or linguistic context) The verb (typically a form of to be). Which of the following tests does NOT help in structural disambiguation? Passivization Changing the tense or modality of the main verb Fronting Clefting. What is the main unit of a syntactic analysis in Systemic Functional Grammar? The word The group The clause The phrase. What is the interpersonal meaning? The type of meaning encoded as questions, statements, offers, reminders, thanks, etc The meaning that has to do with the content of the message The meaning of an organised message in relation to what precedes it in the discourse The type of meaning that is implicit in the mutual hierarchical relationship between 2 or more interlocutors . What does a clause represent from a semantic viewpoint? A process undertaken by participants or circumstances. A pattern of experience A finite verb controlling a subject and a number of modifiers and/or complements. . Which of the following is an ergative pair? He closed her eyes. Her eyes were closed by him. He closed her eyes. Her eyes were closed. He closed her eyes. Her eyes closed. . Which of the following sentences is an analytical causative with a resulting attribute? Colloquial language translates badly. He jumped the horse over the fence. The plan made me nervous. . What is an ergative pair? A couple of sentences in which the Affected object of a transitive clause is the same as the Affected subject of the corresponding intransitive clause. A couple of sentences in which the Phenomenon object of a transitive--‐ causative clause is the same as the Existential subject of the corresponding intransitive clause. A couple of sentences in which the Recipient/Beneficiary objects of a ditransitive--‐causative clause is the same as the Agent subject of the corresponding intransitive clause. . What is a pseudo--‐intransitive? A transitive process that usually occurs with an intransitive verb. An intrinsically transitive process which is construed as an intransitive, with an Affected subject. A general property or propensity of some verbs to be exceptions (of rules or norms). . What difference is there between the following two Phenomena in affectivity processes: “I love going shopping” and “I love to go shopping”? The former is actual/habitual and the latter one is potential. None; it is just a matter of style. The former has a hypothetical meaning and the latter expresses certainty. . Which of the following statements is FALSE? There may be a slight agency if behavioural processes. Behavioural processes are borderline between mental and material processes “See” and “hear” are examples of behavioural processes. . Which of the following statements about existential processes is NOT true? The process may be expressed by transitive verbs of ‘occurring’ or ‘coming into view’. The process may be expressed by intransitive verbs of positional states. The process is typically expressed by ‘be’. . Which of the following sentences has an Existent? The public was pleased with the performance. There is a cow in the middle of the road. Unicorns only exist in children’s imagination. . What is “Everybody” in “Everybody noticed the stain on your dress”? Experiencer Agent Source. What is “We” in “We were offered a great opportunity last night”? Beneficiary Recipient Circumstance. What are the participants of: “The snow covered the car”? Force and Affected Carrier and Token Agent and Phenomenon. Which participants take part in a process of transfer? A process, an affected, and a beneficiary. An agent, an affected, and a recipient. An agent, a process, and a recipient or a beneficiary. . What two major patterns of “being” (as a relational process) are there in English? Value and token. Identifying and attributive. Possessive and circumstantial. . What is anticipatory “it”? It is a dummy constituent of the predicate It is a semantically empty pronoun. It is a structurally empty subject. . What type of element corresponds to the structure:“lexical verb + particle + preposition”? Phrasal prepositional verb. Prepositional locative verb. Phrasal catenative verb. Which of the following elements is/are obligatory in a prepositional phrase? (identify the most complete answer) Head, complement, and qualifier. Head and complement. Head. Identify which of the following is NOT an element or function of a group: Complement Head. Agent. Which of the following is NOT a syntactic element of a clause? Subjunctive adjunct. Stance adjunct. Circumstantial adjunct. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A participant is an animate entity involved in a process. An attribute is a quality or characteristic of a participant. A circumstance is a type of semantic function. Which of the following statements is NOT necessarily true? A group consists of one or more words. A group consists of one or more phrases. A clause consists of one or more groups. . What is “I” in “I was offered a new job at Goldman Sachs”? Beneficiary Recipient Circumstance. What is necessary in English to ask a question and negate a clause? an action a finite operator a predicate. Which of the following transitive verbs do NOT passivize? All transitive verbs passivize. Some common transitive verbs with clausal direct objects. Some common transitive verbs which take atypical direct objects. . What syntactic role does “there” have in an existential process? A participant with no semantic content. Existent. An empty subject. Which semantic functions correspond to indirect objects? Circumstances. Recipients and Beneficiaries. Agents and Experiencers. What are the participants of: “I am his mother”? Agent and Affected Carrier and Identified Experiencer and Phenomenon. What is the illocutionary force of “I wonder if you could help me”? Request Invitation Declarative. What is the illocutionary force of “How could you be so nasty?” Rebuke Question Advice. What is a queclarative? A leading interrogative clause, similar to a question tag. A combination of a statement and an interrogative. A combination of a declarative and a question. What is “how” in “How wonderful they were!”? Pronoun Adverb Determinative. What is the term for the reply: “On holidays?” after someone’s comment: “I’ve decided I’m off on holidays”? Echo question Question tag Declarative. What is the difference between reversed and constant question tags? The use of the question mark. Tense, subject pronoun and polarity. Polarity, appendibility and intonation. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? When producing directives, modalised interrogatives sound polite. When producing directives, modalised declaratives have a strong and formal effect. A modalised declarative sounds like a modalised interrogative in the specific case of directives. . Which of the following sentences is NOT true? Declaratives only encode statements. Declaratives can be used to utter exclamations. Declaratives can be used to ask questions. . Which constituency test is NOT used to classify prepositional verbs? Yes/no question Wh-question Focus of a cleft Fronting. Which of the following sentences has a nominal relative? He told me what I already knew I told her how sorry I was Pat wondered whether her friends would recognise her He asked what we should do. What is the illocutionary force of a declarative in a direct speech act? An affirmative sentence A statement An utterance A declaration. What are the type participants in mental processes? Theme and Rheme Agent and Goal Carrier and Affected Experiencer and Phenomenon. Which of the following features can be expected in an untypical direct object? They answer question other than “What...?” Clefting Passivization Pronominalization. What type of subject complements are AdjGs? Qualifying Existential Identifying Attributive. What type of intensive verb are appear, dissapear, go, come, arrive, depart, vanish, fade and happen? They are verbs of occurrence They are verbs of behaviour They are verbs of weather There are idiomatic phrasal verbs. The following test does NOT help distinguish between a phrasal verb and a prepositional verb Looking at the type of adverbial complements that may appear in the predicate either before or after the particle/preposition Testing whether a complement can be placed between the verbal and the particle/preposition Checking whether the stress falls on the verb or on the particle/preposition Looking at the position of a pronominal object with respect to the verb and the particle/preposition . When is a preposition non-stranded? Typically in highly formal contexts and formal text types When the preposition is not displaced from its position in a PP When the preposition stays close to its prepositional complement. When the preposition appears close to its verb . Which of the following tests is NOT used to identify a direct object? Relative position with respect to the indirect object Prototypification Promotion to subject in a passive structure Pronominalisation. Which of the following is NOT a major type of process? Mental Behavioural Relational Material. What is “to forget your keys” in “It's easy to forget your keys”? The non-thematised subject A nominal relative clause and a non-finite complement A subject complement and an attribute An adjectival complement and a extraposed subject . Which of the following statements is true about the English language? All verbs have tense and modality All independent clauses are finite All dependent clauses are non-finite The same clause may be both finite and non-finite . What elements are typically omitted in a verbless clause? Everything except the adjuncts The subject and the verb The subject (typically recoverable from the situational or linguistic context) The verb (typically a form of be). Which of the following sentences contains a marked theme? You stand still! When will you come back? Let's go for a walk We'll reach Las Vegas in a couple of hours. What is the difference between embedding and subordination? Emebedding is a type of digression that typically appears in brackets Subordination is a type of embedding They are synonims Embedding is a type of subordination . What is NOT true about the complementation patterns of “say” and “tell”? They cannot be used to express basic speech acts Quoted speech may realise the object of say, but non that of tell Say can taken an oblique object but not an indirect object Say is monotransitive and tell is ditransitive . Which of the following statements about that-clauses in English is true? They do not follow prepositions They form one syntactic unit with whatever functional word precedes them They take one function or another depending on the preposition they follow They can be combined with conjunctions or prepositions . What type of function is fulfilled by vocatives? Pragmatic Representational Textual Interpersonal. What are pseudo-intransitive structures? The intransitive nature of cleft and semi-cleft sentences The intransitive correspondence of an ergative pair Transitive structures in the passive voice, so the predication appears with no obligatory complements Intransitive structures with verbs that are instrinsically transitive . What does the order of elements in semantic structures reflect? Nothing, it has been established by grammarians of the English language The internal chronological order of the participants with respect to the process Our abstract conceptualisation of the event Nothing; it is arbitrary. Which of the following is NOT a basic speech act? Asking a question Issuing a directive Making an exclamation Asking a statement. Why are human participants typically assigned the primary role (Agent/Subject)? Human participants are not typically assigned the primary role Because inanimate entities cannot perform actions Because of our general anthropocentric perspective It is an arbitrary linguistic rule . Which of the following is NOT a major type of process? Existential processes Relational processes Mental processes Material processes . The retention of complementiser “that” is NOT favoured by the following factor When they appear with verbs other than “think” or “say” When there is a NG or PP (or clause containing a NG) placed between the main clause an the that-clause When the main clause is in the active voice When there are two or more coordinated that-clauses . What do Recipients and Beneficiaries have generally in common? They are both equally central to the predication They are both introduced by the same preposition They are both associated with the same semantic role They both have an optional prepositional paraphrase . Which statement about circumstantial adjuncts in generally true? They can be passivized They can be the subject complement of a wh-cleft structure They are central to the predication They are rather mobile elements . What does a stance adjunct express? Background information about the message of the clause The connection between two clauses or parts of clauses The speaker's attitude to or evaluation of the content of the clause The setting for the situation expressed in the clause . What helps us decide that “there” is the subject in “There was an aspect to consider”? It can be passivized with a transitive verb It can be the direct object in a passive structure I can be replaced by a personal pronoun It occurs before the verb in a declarative sentence . What is interpersonal meaning? The type of meaning that is implicit in the mutual hierarchical relationship between two or more interlocutors The meaning of an organized message in relation to what precedes it in the discourse The meaning that has to do with the content of the message The type of meaning encoded as questions, statements, offers, reminders, thanks, etc . Which of the following tests does NOT help in structural disambiguation? Passivization Changing the tense or modality of the main verb Fronting Clefting . Which of the following statements is true? Only modals and primary verbs require a finite verb The same verb may have tense and modality The infinitive, the participial and the conditional are non-finite verbal forms A catenative verb controls a non-finite complement . What is the main unit of syntactic analysis in Systemic Functional Grammar? The word The group The clause The phrase. What is a difference between an assertive word an a non-assertive word? The former always occurs in affirmative clauses The latter occurs in either negative or interrogative clauses The latter always occurs in negative clauses The former always has factual meanings . What is the difference between “I wrote the note to Susan” and “I wrote the note to Susan” and “I wrote the note for Susan”? Both sentences mean the same but the latter is more correct grammatically In the former, the speaker knows for a fact that Susan received and read the note, and in the latter, the speaker is not sure what happened after the note was written In the former, Susan received the note, and in the latter, you are not sure if she did or not In the former, Susan was the addressee, and in the latter, you wrote the note on her behalf . What is the structure of “She had her hair done”? S-P-Od-Co S-P-Od S-V-NG S-V-Finite participial clause. When is omission of the complementiser “that” NOT favoured? When the main clause is in the active voice When the main clause and the that-clause share the subject When there is a noun rather than a pronoun head in the that-clause With verbs such as “say” . Which of the following is NOT a wh-clause complement? Indirect exclamatives Direct wh-interrogatives Wh- nominal clauses Indirect wh-interrogatives . What is “busy” in “He keeps himself busy all the time”? A postmodifier of a NG A manner adjunct A modifier within the direct object A current attribute . What is peculiar about “He explained the problem to us”? Both objects can be subjects of passive structures “Us” is a beneficiary that takes “to” instead of “for” Ditransitive clauses are not common with speech verbs It is a ditransitive verb with no Oi+Od structure . Why is there no overt object in the sentence “He drank and got violent”? Because it is an quasi-transitive structure Because drinking alcoholic drinks is looked down upon in most cultures The sentence is grammatically incorrect Because the object is implied in the clause, which has undergone valency reduction . What type of adjunct is “according to the weather forecast” in “According to the weather forecast, it is going to rain”? Evidential adjunct Evaluative adjunct Epistemic stance adjunct Circumstantial adjunct. What phenomenon can you identify in “Is it nice, that jelly”? Absolute theme Double detachment Right-dislocation Left-dislocation. Which of the following sentences is NOT thematised? In Waterloo last summer they had a great time Last summer they had a great time in Waterloo They had a great time in Waterloo last summer In Waterloo they had a great time last summer. What is the illocutionary force of the sentence “I'd like to thank all of you for your support”? A hedged performative A biased performative A simple directive A rebuke. What general effect is caused by modalisation in declarative directives? It is the speaker's choice but using modalisation has no semantic consequences It renders them more dubitative It renders them more polite It renders them stronger and more formal. What phenomenon can be seen in the sentence “I don't advise you to buy those shares”? Nominalization Grammar metaphor Transferred negation Fronting or thematisation. What type of clause is a question tag? A direct rhetorical question A brief independent finite clause An abbreviated or reduced clause A queclarative. What can declarative structures be used for? Making a statement Issuing a directive Asking a question All of the above. What is “an hour” in “The operation lasted an hour”? A circumstantial object A circumstantial attribute A circumstantial adjunct A circumstantial complent. What kind of process is represented by the sentence “I watched the fight”? Relational Mental Behavioural Material. When can existential “there” be ommited? With the verb “to be” and a locative attribute With a circumstantial adjunct and a verb of movement When a locative or directional adjunct is in the initial position Never. What kind of process is represented in the sentence “I wish you were here”? Relational Mental Behavioural Material. What does nominalization involve? The substitution of proper nouns by appositions an Ngs whenever possible The overuse of nouns over paradigmatic alternatives like pronouns and nominal clauses Combining grammatical metaphors with lexical metaphors Encoding actions and states as nouns. What is the meaning of the circumstantial element of contingency “in spite of the delay” in the sentence: “In spite of the delaw, we finished on time”? Cause Concession Condition Behalf. Which participant occurs most frequently with the Experiencer? Token Effected Phenomenon Affected. Which is the Resulting Attribute in the sentence “The boy had a tooth removed”? Removed A tooth A tooth removed The boy. What is a pseudo-intransitive clause? A clause with more than one possible transitivity patterns A clause which has undergone valency reduction A clause with an implicit direct object A clause that expresses the likelihood of a participant to undergo a process. What does the order of elements in semantic structures reflect? Pragmatic or textual realization It is a convention based on informational relevance Syntactic realization Our conceptualization of the event. What is NOT true about dynamic and stative processes? The former typically appears with circumstantial adjunct; the latter does not The former usually accepts the imperative; the latter doesn't The former can easily occur in the progressive; the latter cannot You can ask “What happened?” to the former, not the latter. Which of the following sequences has a supplementative unit? Yes, you can Maybe It was only last month that Tom bought himself a new car Always smiling and kind to others, Mary passed away last night after a long illness. Which statement about existential processes is FALSE? They can be expressed by verbs of “positional states” (stand, lie) “occuring”, “coming into view” or “arrival on the scene” (appear, emerge) They are expressed by “be” or transitive verbs They expand the Existent in some way They state the existence of something. What is “to see things your way” in “It's hard to see things tour way”? A nominal relative clause and a non-finite complement A subject complement and an attribute An adjectival complement and an extraposed subject An object complement in a ditransitive structure. Which of the following statements is true about both Ods and Cos? They refer to the same participant in a given clause They are typically realized by Ngs, AdjGs and clauses They can become the subject in a passive clause They have an alternative prepositional paraphrase. Which of the following is a major difference between OD and OI? Their realisation by a NG Their promotion to subject in a passive clause. Their can be paraphrased by a Prepositional Object. Their pronominalisation. . What is the difference between unstressed "there" (as in "There's plenty of time") and typical subjects? Its pronominalisation. Its inversion with auxiliaries. Its position in declarative clauses. Its obligatory presence in the clause. . What is the usual scope of negation of a negative word? The whole clause where it appears. The rest of the clause after it. The predicate The verb . Which of the following statements about clause structure is NOT true? Objects are determined by verb type. Circumstantial adjuncts are the most integrated adjuncts in the clause. The subject encodes the primary participant in the clause. Adjuncts are limited in number in a given clause. . What type of test is NOT performed on a sentence for constituency disambiguation in a sentence like "The girl saw the man with the telescope"? Tense alternation Wh-questions Clefting Passivisation . What type of structure is this: Agent+Process+Recipient+Affected+Circumstance? Morphosyntactic Experiential Textual Interpersonal . What does Systemic Functional Grammar NOT claim? That linguistic classification is a continuum with prototypical and non--‐ prototypical cases. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are closely related. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are completely independent levels of analysis. That sentence realization reveals the speaker’s communicative intents. What is “the scenery” in “She looked at the scenery in amazement”? a type of adjunct a type of complement a type of circumstantial a type of object . What is the semantic difference between “We read the text to him” and “We read the text for him”? In the second sentence, it is specified that we did the reading on his behalf, probably because he had difficulties to do it himself. In the first sentence, it is specified that he had asked us to do the reading. Both sentences are synonymous. In the first sentence, he listens to our reading of the text and in the second one, he ignores it. What is the linguistic term for the structure of the following sentence: “They blamed all the havoc on me”? Intransitive Complex transitive Ditransitive Monotransitive. What is the proper term for the complement “to the forest” in “They left to the forest”? (It is not a complement) Direction Goal Locative. Which of the following sentences contains anticipatory ‘it’? It is raining outside. It is me again! I liked it that everybody was ready to collaborate. I think it was a wonderful gesture of all the people in the audience. What is primarily lacking in non--‐finite clauses? Complementation Verb Tense/modality Subject. Why are Pps not a type of group? Pps are a type of group. Because prepositions cannot take determiners or modifiers. Because the presence of both the preposition and the complement is required. Because prepositions have little or no meaning. Which of the following is a possible test for Recipient identification? The type of transitivity of the object pattern. The preposition in a prepositional paraphrase. Complementation. Recursive embedding. What type of sentence is: “Sure!”? abbreviated dependent non--‐finite dependent finite verbless . Which of the following sentences contains a copular verb? You look splendid with that new haircut. They thought it through. They amused the audience. You drive me insane. What type of adjunct is “strictly speaking” in “Strictly speaking, this is not a mammal”? (It is not an adjunct) Connective Stance Circumstantial. Which of the following is a type of speech act? Clefting. A passive structure. An interrogative sentence. An appraisal. What is the Subject of the sentence “How she reached that conclusion is a mystery to me”? I (to me) a mystery how she reached that conclusion how. What is the Rheme of the sentence: “Peter and I considered the party to be a success”? and I considered the party to be a success considered the party to be a success Peter and I Peter. Which factors favour the presence of “that” in a that--‐clause? When the that--‐clause appears in a comparative structure. When the nucleus of the subject of the that--‐clause is a pronoun. The non coincidence in the entity of the subject in the main clause and the that--‐ clause The presence of verbs like “think” and “say”. . Which of the following elements in the sentence “The children behaved very well during the ceremony” is NOT an essential constituent? (all the above are essential) during the ceremony very well the children. What is the subject of the sentence: “In the bathroom is where he composed his masterpiece”? (the subject has an elliptic subject) where he composed his masterpiece he in the bathroom. What does Systemic Functional Grammar NOT claim? That linguistic classification is a continuum with prototypical and non--‐ prototypical cases. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are closely related. That syntax, semantics and discourse context are completely independent levels of analysis. That sentence realization reveals the speaker’s communicative intents. . What is “to the radio” in “I always listen to the radio in the car”? a type of object a type of circumstantial a type of complement a type of adjunct. What is the semantic difference between “She wrote a letter to her brother” and “She wrote a letter for her brother”? In the first sentence, “her brother” actually receives the letter and in the second one, it is left open whether he receives it or not. In the first sentence, “her brother” is the beneficiary and in the second one, the intended recipient. Both sentences are synonymous. In the first sentence, “her brother” is the addressee of the letter and in the second one, “she” writes the letter on his behalf. . What is the linguistic term for the structure of the following sentence: “The Americans have reelected Obama president”? Intransitive Complex transitive Ditransitive Monotransitive. Which of the following sentences contains the prepositional paraphrase of a Beneficiary indirect object? The parents were left a message on the fridge door. The students were given three days to do the assignment. The kid played the violin for his parents on Christmas day. I borrowed 10 pounds from my boyfriend to buy something. . Which of the following is NOT a test for constituency analysis? Subordination Wh--‐question Passivization It--‐clefting. Which of the following is one of the main purposes of discourse markers? Mark the semantic connection between two utterances. Indicate a new speaker’s turn in the conversation. Signal the source of knowledge or information. Provide experiential details about the action or state described. . Which of the following is NOT a possible test for subject identification? Nominalization Question tagging Concordance with the verb Sentence position. What type of sentence is: “to go on holiday abroad this year”? abbreviated dependent non--‐finite dependent finite independent. Which of the following sentences contains a copular verb? We got over the flu in no time. She considered the whole matter thoroughly. It surprised me that you want to give up. You went wild. . What type of adjunct is “Frankly” in “Frankly, dear, I don’t give a damn”? Circumstantial Stance Connective (It is not an adjunct). Which of the following is NOT a type of speech act? An oath. A passive structure. A request. An acknowledgment. What is the Subject of the sentence “What we forgot to do was take the rubbish out”? take the rubbish out what we forgot to do we what. What is the Theme of the sentence: “Peter and I considered the party to be a success”? and I considered the party to be a success considered the party to be a success Peter and I Peter . Which of the following is NOT a type of transitive structure in English? S-P-Oi-Oc S-P-O-Oc S-P-Oi-Od S-P-O. Which of the following is a non--‐assertive word? already still much some. Which factors favour the omission of “that” in a that--‐clause? When the that--‐clause appears in a cleft structure. When the nucleus of the subject of the that--‐clause is a noun. The coincidence in the entity of the subject in the main clause and the that--‐ clause. The presence of verbs like “think” and “speak”. . Which of the following elements in the sentence “She left the bag unattended in the station” is NOT an essential constituent? she unattended the bag (all the above are essential). What is the subject of the Sentence: “After 5 o’clock is a good time to go fishing”? (the subject has an elliptic subject) a good time to go fishing a good time after 5 o’clock . Which of the following statements is true? Unmarked docus falls on the initial elxical item of each information unit in the sentence Unmarked focus falls on the middle anaphoric lexical item of the information unit Unmarked focus falls on the last non-anaphoric lexical item of the information unit . What is the term used to indicate that a sentential element has been transferred form its normal position in the Rheme to initial position? Left-dislocation Topicalization Thematisation. What is the specific term for a sentence when it is used in context? A grammatical structure An utterance A state of affairs . What is the basic speech act that corresponds to an imperative? Making a statement Issuing a directive Asking a question . Which sentence contains the participants Agent + Recipient + Affected? The glass was broken by the kid They made the road wider Ed gave the cat a bit of tuna . Which of the following statements about sentential order is NOT true? The linguistic ordering of an event reflects our conceptualisation of the event The order of elements in the sentence is partly determined by the type of process The other of elements in the sentence may be intentional, arbitrary, iconic or elliptic . Which of the following sentences contains an object complement? I'll make the doll in no time I'll make the doll a little chair I'll make the doll the centre of attention of the whole shop window . Which of the following sentences contains an epistemic stance adjunct? "Unfortunately", our team didn't win "According to the weather forecast", it will rain today "Obviously", she'll rely on you . What is "for you to go by train" in "The best plan is for you to go by train"? An identifying complement The predicate An attributive complement. What is "before noon" in the sentence "I prefer before noon for a meeting"? Direct object Adjunct Locative complement. What semantic role does the direct object have in the sentence "The burglars used AN ACETYLENE LAMP to break the safe"? Phenomenon Instrument Affected. Which of the following verbs corresponds to a relational process of "being"? Belong Know Make. What is "IT" in "IT surprised everybody that he failed his driving test"? A subject complement Anticipatory IT Extraposed subject . What is "on the other hand" in "The hotel was rather noisy. On the other hand, it wasn't expensive"? A connective adjunct A stance adjunct A circumstantial adjunct . What do complements encode? Constituents that, semantically, are not participants but are nevertheless normally required both syntactically and semantically Constituents that, pragmatically, are not participants but are nevertheless normally required both syntactically and lexically Constituents that, syntactically, are not participants but are nevertheless normally required both pragmatically and semantically . Which of the following is NOT one of the compulsory functional categories which may occur in post-verbal position? adjunct complement object . Which of the following sentences is true? Rather that pragmatic-semantic, a piece of discourse is a grammatical unit of whatever length, spoken or written Negating and questioning are basic human needs, which are encoded pragmatically by negation and by the interrogative particle There is no one-to-one correspondence between the class of the unit and its function . A supplementive unit is... embedded but not subordinate subordinate but not embedded subordinate and embedded . Which of the following elements does NOT refer to a structural unit that can be arranged in a relationship of componence on a rank-scale? phenomenon group clause. What kind of meaning is encoded as questions, statements, offers, reminders and thanks in a communicative exchange? Interpersonal meaning Representational meaning Textual meaning . Which of the following statements is FALSE? Speech tone units correspond to grammatical categories in writing Each tone unit contains a tonic syllable, which represents the highest point of the focus of information The tone unit in English signals the distribution of information into Given and New . What is the illocutionary force of an exlamative clause? Hedged performative Exclamation Biased directive. What is an explicit declarative? A statement that has a state of affairs in the world and has a truth value A declarative that carries out certain acts by naming them A perfectly clear, unambiguous statement . What is the basic speech act that corresponds to a declarative? Asking a question Issuing a directive Making a statement . Which of the following sentences is a pseudo-intransitive? The glass was broken Glass breaks easily The glass broke the lamp when it fell . What is the catenative verb? A verb that links recursively to its complements A verb that controls a finite complement A verb that controls a non-finite complement . Which of the following sentences contains an object complement? I called the old lady "an angel" I called the old lady "a taxi" I called the old lady "to the meeting" . Which of the following sentences contains an evidential adjunct? "Unfortunately", our team didn't win "According to the weather forecast", it will rain today "Obviously", she'll rely on you . What does the object complement do? It completes the predicate with an Adjectival Group or a Nominal Group following a direct object It completes the predicate after a copular verb by specifying an attrubite of the subject It completes the predicate after a copular verb by specifying the identity of the subject . What is "it" in "I find it strange that he left"? Redundant process Object complement Anticipatory direct object. What semantic role does the direct object have in the sentence "He headed the ball into the net"? Phenomenon Instrument Affected. Which is a main type of "process" encoded by a predicator? Relational processes of "experiencing" Mental processes of "being" Material processes of "doing" . Which of the following features helps to identify the subject in a sentence? Finiteness Modality Reflection in question tags. What is "obviously" in "Obviously, he'll rely on you even more now"? A connective adjunct A stance adjunct A circumstantial adjunct . What CANNOT be found in a copular structure? an object an adjunct a subject complement . Which of the following constituents encodes the primary participant in the clause? The noun The predicate The subject . Which verb is typically omitted in a verbless clause? Do Have Be. What is the term for the point of departure of a given message? Rheme Theme Tag. What are offers, reminders, promises, questions, statements and exclamations? Types of semantic roles Types of speech acts Types of syntactic structures. What statement about queclaratives is true? They are semantic-syntactic hybrid structures: either declaratives with an interrogative function or interrogatives with a declarative function They are interrogative structures that seek confirmation of their assumptions in a tactful way They are declarative structures with a final rising tone . What is the illocutionary force of an imperative in a direct speech act? A directive A direction An imperative proper . What are the names of the two main participants in a verbal process (a process of saying or communicating)? Sayer and Said Speaker and Speech Experiencer and Utterance . Which of the following features is NOT included in the notion of Agency? Effect Responsibility Animacy. What is an actualized participant? A participant that plays a primary syntactic role (subject) A participant that is explicitly mentioned in the message A participant that appears in an active and dynamic process . The omission of complementiser "that" is NOT favoured by the following factor: When there is a noun head rather than a pronoun in the subject of the that-clause When the subject refers to the same entity in the main clause and in the that-clause When it co-occurs with verbs such as "think" and "say" . Which of the following statements about complements is true? The OC may occur both in ditransitive clausal structures and in copular ones after the subject complement The OC refers to a different participant form that of the DO The OC adds information about the referent of a DO in the form of an attribute . Which of the following statements about intransitive clauses is NOT true? Some instransitive structures have a subject complement Some intranstive structures have a prepositional object Some intransitive structures have a locative complement . In which major way are circumstantial complements different from subject complements? The former represent a new participant in the clause and the latter do not The former co-occur with predicative verbs and the latter with copular verbs The type of information they provide . What is the name given to the entities involved in processes? Circumstances Attributes Participants . What do abbreviated clauses consist of? A subject and a finite operator A yes-no answer A question tag . According to Systemic Functional Grammar, what kind of unit is a whole piece of discourse? mainly extra-linguistic mainly pragmatic-semantic mainly grammatical . What is the difference between a compound clause and a complex clause? The former is a unit containing dependent clauses or dependent and conjoined clauses, while the latter is a unit of two or more coordinated clauses The former is a unit of two or more coordinated clauses while the latter is a unit containing dependent clauses or dependent and conjoined clauses They are synonyms . What are the typical participants in mental processes? Agent and Goal Carrier and Affected Experiencer and Phenomenon . What type of subject complements are AdjGs? Existential Identifying Attributive . The following test does NOT help distinguish between a phrasal verb and a prepositional verb Testing whether a complement can be placed between the verb and the particle/preposition Checking whether the stress falls on the verb or on the particle/preposition Looking at the position of a pronoun object with respect to the verb and the particle/preposition . Which of the following tests is NOT used to identify a direct object? Prototypification Promotion to subject in a passive structure Pronominalisation . Which of the following is NOT a major type of process? behavioural relational material . What is "to forget your keys" in "It's easy to forget your keys"? A nominal relative clause and a non-finite complement A subject complement and an attribute An adjectival complement and an extraposed subject .

Denunciar Test