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TEST BORRADO, QUIZÁS LE INTERESE: ONU SAAT EXAM

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Título del Test: ONU SAAT EXAM Descripción: ONU's exam Autor: tina OTROS TESTS DEL AUTOR Fecha de Creación: 24/11/2024 Categoría: Psicotécnicos Número Preguntas: 100

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What is United Nations? The UN is a military alliance formed to ensure collective defense among 193 countries. The UN is an impartial and universal organization made up of 193 countries called Member States. One reason for creating the UN was to save later generations from violent conflict. The UN is an economic organization that coordinates trade agreements between member countries. What’s the UN Charter? Signed in 1946, the UN Charter is the founding document which defines the main purposes and principles of the UN. Signed in 1955, the UN Charter is the founding document which defines the main purposes and principles of the UN. Signed in 1945, the UN Charter is the founding document which defines the main purposes and principles of the UN. What are the four main purposes of the United Nations? to maintain international peace and security. To develop friendly relations among nations. To cooperate in solving international problems and to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all. To harmonize nations’ actions in reaching these common ends. To maintain international peace and security. To develop economic cooperation among nations. To cooperate in solving financial problems and to promote international development for all. To harmonize nations’ actions in reaching economic goals. To maintain peace and stability. To develop partnerships among Member States. To cooperate in solving international issues and to encourage global development. To coordinate nations' responses in achieving these ends. Which are the six main UN organs? The General Assembly, The Security Council, The Economic and Financial Council, The Trusteeship Office, The International Court of Arbitration, The Secretariat. The General Assembly, The Security Council, The Economic and Development Council, The Trusteeship Council, The International Criminal Court, The Secretariat. The General Assembly, The Security Council, The Economic and Social Council, The Trusteeship Council, The International Court of Justice, The Secretariat. What is the General Assembly? Is where all Member States meet and vote on policies. The principle of equality means each Member State has proportional votes based on population. Is where all Member States meet and vote on decisions. The principle of equality means each Member State has one vote. Is where selected Member States meet to vote on decisions. The principle of equality means all nations participate equally in discussions. . What’s the Security Council? Has lead responsibility under the UN Charter to promote international stability. The Council has 15 members, including 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The General Assembly elects the 10 remaining members every four years. Has lead responsibility under the UN Charter to maintain international peace and security. The Council has 15 members, including 5 permanent members who helped set up the UN: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The General Assembly elects the other 10 rotating members for two-year terms, ensuring geographical representation. Has lead responsibility under the UN Charter to maintain international peace and security. The Council has 20 members, including 10 permanent members and 10 rotating ones, elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. What’s the Economic and Security Council? (ECOSOC) is the central body coordinating the economic and social work of the UN. (ESCOC) is the central body overseeing the economic and development work of the UN. (ECOSOC) is the primary body for managing economic and humanitarian work within the UN. What’s the Trusteeship Council? Supervised Trust Territories, which were colonies or territories under external control, as they moved towards self-determination or independence. The Trusteeship Council officially ceased activities in 1994. Supervised Trust Territories, which were former colonies or dependent territories, as they transitioned towards autonomy or integration. The Trusteeship Council ended its operations in 1995, after the independence of the final trust territory. Supervised Trust Territories, which were former colonies or dependent territories, as they made progress towards self-governance or independence. The Trusteeship Council suspended operation in 1994, with the independence of the last trust territory. What’s the International Court of Justice? (ICJ) is based in The Hague, Netherlands. The Court resolves disputes between states and corporations, adhering to international law (ICJ) is located in The Hague, Netherlands. The Court mediates disputes between nations and individuals under international law. (ICJ) is in The Hague, Netherlands. The Court settles legal disputes only between nations and not between individuals, following international law. What’s the Secretariat? Refers to the departments and offices with international staff to carry out the day-to-day work of the Organization. These are in UN Headquarters in New York as well as in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi, and other locations. Refers to the departments and offices with international staff responsible for coordinating the financial work of the Organization. These are in UN Headquarters in New York and Geneva. Refers to the administrative offices and international staff that oversee policy implementation. These offices are located in New York, Vienna, and other key locations. Specialized agencies, funds and programmes United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Program (WFP), United Nations Office on Drugs Crime (UNDOC), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Labour Organization (ILO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations High Commissioner for Migration (UNHCM), World Food Organization (WFO), United Nations Office on Organized Crime (UNOOC), United Nations Population Council (UNPC), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), International Labour Union (ILU), United Nations Educational Organization (UNEO).International Labour Organization (ILO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). United Nations Economic Program (UNEP), Office of the UN Commissioner for Refugees (UNCR), United Nations Children's Organization (UNCO), International Food Program (IFP), United Nations Drug Control Agency (UNDCA), United Nations Gender Equality Fund (UNGEF).United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Program (WFP), United Nations Office on Drugs Crime (UNDOC),. What are the three UN organs involved in peacekeeping? General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat. General Assembly, Security Council, International Court of Justice. Security Council, Trusteeship Council, Secretariat. What’s a UN Resolution? UN resolutions are formal expressions of positions of UN principal organs. UN resolutions are binding legal decisions made by UN principal organs. UN resolutions are agreements between Member States drafted by the UN General Assembly. What’s a UN Mandate? A mandate is an authorization and directive to take specific action. The peacekeeping mandate in a Security Council resolution is the legal basis for all actions or tasks of the peacekeeping operation, including the use of force. A mandate is an agreement among Member States to follow certain principles. The peacekeeping mandate outlines non-binding recommendations for Member States A mandate is a document granting limited authority to specific UN agencies. It serves as a guideline for humanitarian missions only. What’s the purpose of the DPKO? DPKO is responsible for the executive direction of peacekeeping operations. DPKO is responsible for monitoring human rights violations in conflict zones. DPKO coordinates financial aid for peacebuilding projects. What’s the purpose of DFS? DFS delivers dedicated support to UN field missions. DFS delivers support in finance, personnel, administration, information and communications technology, and logistics. DFS supervises field missions, providing military and political support. DFS primarily focuses on conflict resolution. DFS coordinates logistics for humanitarian operations but excludes support in finance or technology. What’s the purpose of DPA? DPA plays a central role in UN efforts to prevent and resolve deadly conflict around the world. DPA is also a partner for peacekeeping operations. DPA is the lead UN department for peacemaking and preventive diplomacy. DPA plays a central role in UN efforts to prevent and resolve deadly conflict around the world. DPA is also a partner for peacekeeping operations. DPA is the lead UN department for peacemaking diplomacy. DPA coordinates the financial oversight of peacekeeping operations. DPA primarily focuses on rebuilding post-conflict societies. What are the three levels for decision-making in UN peacekeeping operations? Strategic Level, Operational level, Tactical Level. Strategic Level, Operational level,Operational Execution, Tactical Level. Policy Level, Administrative Level, Field Level. What are the five peace and security activities (range of spectrum)? Conflict Prevention, Peacemaking, Peace enforcement, Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding Conflict Mediation, Peacemaking, Peace enforcement, Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding Conflict Management, Peacemaking, Peace Intervention, Security Keeping, Nation Building. Definition of conflict prevention? Conflict prevention happens before a conflict starts, or when there is a risk of relapse into conflict. It involves diplomatic measures and other tools to prevent disagreements and tensions within and between states from turning into violent conflict. Conflict prevention happens after a conflict starts, or when there is a risk of relapse into conflict. It involves diplomatic measures and other tools to prevent disagreements and tensions within and between states from turning into violent conflict. Conflict prevention happens before a conflict starts, or when there is a risk of relapse into conflict. It involves diplomatic measures and other tools to prevent disagreements and tensions within and between states from turning into violent conflict.It involves peace enforcement measures to deter escalating violence within and between states. It occurs after conflicts have begun. Definition of peacemaking? Peacemaking involves measures to deal with existing conflicts. It usually involves diplomatic action aimed at bringing hostile parties to a negotiated peace agreement. Peacemaking focuses on resolving conflicts through military intervention, ensuring hostile parties comply with peace agreements. Peacemaking involves strategies to prevent future conflicts by negotiating agreements before tensions arise. What’s Peace Enforcement? Peace enforcement involves measures to deal with existing conflicts. Peace enforcement may involve coercive measures, such as sanctions or blockades. The Security Council may authorize use of armed force as a last resort Peace enforcement involves deploying peacekeepers to deal with existing conflicts. Peace enforcement may involve coercive measures, such as sanctions or blockades. The Security Council may authorize use of armed force as a last resort Peace enforcement includes deploying peacekeepers to monitor ceasefires and oversee peace agreements without coercive measures. What is peacekeeping? Peacekeeping usually takes place where conflict has ended. Peacekeeping is an approach designed to preserve the peace and to help implement peace agreements. Peacekeeping involves deploying troops to active conflict zones to mediate disputes between warring parties. Peacekeeping focuses on rebuilding post-conflict societies, emphasizing economic recovery over military presence. What are the two requirements to deploy a peacekeeping operation? The main parties to a conflict must have committed to a ceasefire agreement or peace process. They also must agree or “consent” to work with the UN to lay foundations for sustainable peace. The main parties to a conflict maybe have committed to a ceasefire agreement or peace process. They also must agree or “consent” to work with the UN to lay foundations for sustainable peace. The Security Council must authorize the operation, and the parties involved must allow UN peacekeepers on their territories without prior agreement. What’s a traditional peacekeeping mission? The traditional model is mainly military. It involves observing ceasefires and the separation of forces after wars between countries (inter-state conflict). The traditional model is civilian-focused. It prioritizes humanitarian aid and economic rebuilding in post-conflict zones. The traditional model includes mixed military and police operations designed to enforce peace treaties in ongoing conflicts. What’s a multidimensional peacekeeping mission? The multidimensional model has a mix of military, civilian, and police capabilities. It supports the implementation of a comprehensive peace agreement after conflict has taken place within a country (intra-state conflict). The multidimensional model is only military, not civilian, or police capabilities. It supports the implementation of a comprehensive peace agreement after conflict has taken place within a country (intra-state conflict). The multidimensional model excludes military operations, relying entirely on civilian and police efforts to implement peace agreements. What’s a robust peacekeeping? UN peacekeeping operations may use force as part of their mandate. This is at the field level. In such cases, the UN engages in “robust peacekeeping.” “Robust” means strong, powerful, and able to withstand challenge. For UN peacekeeping operations, robust means “use of all available means.” UN peacekeeping operations always use force as part of their mandate. This is at the field level. In such cases, the UN engages in “robust peacekeeping.” “Robust” means strong, powerful, and able to withstand challenge. For UN peacekeeping operations, robust means “use of all available means.” UN peacekeeping operations never use force as part of their mandate. This is at the field level. In such cases, the UN engages in “robust peacekeeping.” “Robust” means strong, powerful, and able to withstand challenge. For UN peacekeeping operations, robust means “use of all available means.”. What are the three reasons UN might deploy a robust peacekeeping mission? To deter forceful attempts to disrupt the political process, to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical attack, to assist national authorities in maintaining law and order. To enforce international treaties, to provide military assistance to governments, to oversee electoral processes in conflict zones. To mediate between hostile parties, to provide humanitarian aid, to implement economic sanctions against aggressors. What is peacebuilding? Peacebuilding occurs in the aftermath of conflict. Peacebuilding is a complex, long-term process of creating the necessary conditions for lasting peace by working on the root causes of violent conflict. Peacebuilding focuses on deploying peacekeepers to prevent further conflicts in regions at risk of relapse into violence. Peacebuilding is the process of negotiating ceasefires and preparing temporary agreements to stabilize conflict zones. What are the three types of peacekeeping operations? Traditional Peacekeeping, Multidimensional Peacekeeping, Transitional authority. Traditional Peacekeeping, Regional Stabilization, Transitional Peacebuilding. Traditional Peacekeeping, Multifuntional Peacekeeping, Transitional authority. What’s a transitional authority mission? Transitional Authority mission is also a type of multidimensional peacekeeping operation that temporarily conducts state functions. In very rare circumstances, the Security Council has authorized multidimensional UN peacekeeping operations to temporarily take responsibility for the legislative and administrative functions of the state. Transitional Authority mission is just a type of unidimensional peacekeeping operation that temporarily conducts state functions. In very rare circumstances, the Security Council has authorized multidimensional UN peacekeeping operations to temporarily take responsibility for the legislative and administrative functions of the state. Transitional Authority mission is also a type of multidimensional peacekeeping operation that temporarily conducts state functions. Always, the Security Council has authorized multidimensional UN peacekeeping operations to temporarily take responsibility for the legislative and administrative functions of the state. What are the three basic principles for UN Peacekeeping? Consent, Impartiality, Non-use of force, except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. Consent, Impartiality, use of force, except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. Consent, Impartiality,Neutrality, Non-use of force, except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. What’s consent? Consent means permission for something to happen or agreement to do something. All UN peacekeeping operations deploy with consent of main parties to a conflict. Consent means permission for something to happen or not agreement about to do something. All UN peacekeeping operations deploy with consent of main parties to a conflict. Consent means agreement between UN peacekeepers and civilians to coordinate humanitarian assistance. What’s impartiality? Impartiality means not taking sides. UN peacekeeping operations mandates are implemented with no favour or prejudice to any parties to the conflict. Impartiality means the UN provides equal support to all parties involved in the conflict, regardless of their actions. Impartiality means the UN does not interfere in conflicts and focuses solely on delivering humanitarian aid. Define Use of force? “Force” refers to the use of “arms” or “weapons” by armed personnel (military, and where applicable, police). Use of force only in self-defense has evolved to include the use of force in order to defend the mandate. “Force” refers to the use of physical power by peacekeepers, including diplomatic and psychological tactics. Use of force is limited to preventing imminent attacks. “Force” refers to the strategic deployment of weapons by Member States to assist UN missions. It is used only for international security. . What’s the Rule of Engagement (ROE)? Outlines the authority of armed UN military personnel to use force in mandate implementation. States when force may not be used by armed UN military personnel. Applies to all armed military personnel and units in the mission. Details the legal authority for Member States to intervene in peacekeeping missions. States when force is prohibited during ceasefire agreements. Applies to local forces collaborating with the UN. Describes the conditions under which peacekeepers can negotiate with armed groups. Applies only to police personnel in humanitarian missions. What’s the Directive on the Use of Force (DUF)? Indicates whether UN police are armed. States when they have legal authority to use force. Applies to all armed police personnel and units (such as FPUs) in the mission. Establishes the conditions for military deployment in peacekeeping operations. States when armed personnel must refrain from engaging in combat. Guides Member States on when to authorize armed force for peace enforcement. Applies primarily to non-UN personnel. Define Legitimacy. To be legitimate means to be lawful, permitted or valid. A UN peacekeeping operation has international legitimacy because: It is based on the UN Charter and international law. It is popularly accepted by Member States. Legitimacy refers to the authority of the UN to impose laws on Member States without their consent. It is recognized by international organizations. Legitimacy means the moral obligation of the UN to intervene in conflicts. It is defined by the willingness of states to cooperate. Define Credibility. To be credible means to be believable, worthy of confidence and trust. The credibility of a UN peacekeeping operation depends on the belief that the mission can achieve its mandate. Credibility is affected by how capable and effective the mission is at managing and meeting the expectations of the international and local communities. To be credible means to be a liar, worthy of confidence and trust. The credibility of a UN peacekeeping operation depends on the belief that the mission can achieve its mandate. Credibility is affected by how capable and effective the mission is at managing and meeting the expectations of the international and local communities. To be credible means to be believable, not worthy of confidence and trust. The credibility of a UN peacekeeping operation depends on the belief that the mission can achieve its mandate. Credibility is affected by how capable and effective the mission is at managing and meeting the expectations of the international and local communities. Define promotion of National and Local Ownership. “National and local ownership” refers to inclusive and consultative processes based on the perspectives, priorities and vision of the local stakeholders in the host country. It is grounded in the belief that building sustainable peace requires active engagement of local actors at all levels. “National and international ownership” refers to inclusive and consultative processes based on the perspectives, priorities and vision of the local stakeholders in the host country. It is grounded in the belief that building sustainable peace requires active engagement of local actors at all levels. “National and local ownership” refers to inclusive and consultative processes based on the perspectives, priorities and vision of the local stakeholders in the host country. It is grounded in the belief that building sustainable peace requires active engagement of international actors at all levels. Define Human Rights. “Human rights” are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, residence, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. “Human rights” are rights inherent to some human beings, whatever our nationality, residence, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. “Human rights” are rights inherent to all human beings, only if you are american, residence, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. Define International Human Rights Law. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) is international law that protects the fundamental human rights of every individual, always, including in armed conflict. It applies to all human beings in war and peace. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) is a set of guidelines applicable to states only during times of war and political instability. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) establishes obligations for nations to protect human rights, excluding situations of armed conflict. . Define International Humanitarian Law International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is known as the “law of war” or the “law of armed conflict.” The goal is to limit the negative impact of armed conflict and to lessen suffering during war. It applies in times of armed conflict International Human Law (IHL) is known as the “law of war” or the “law of armed conflict.” The goal is to limit the negative impact of armed conflict and to lessen suffering during war. It applies in times of armed conflict International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is known as the “law of peace” or the “law of armed conflict.” The goal is to limit the negative impact of armed conflict and to lessen suffering during war. It applies in times of armed conflict. Define Rule of Engagement (ROE) and Directives on the Use of Force (DUF). The Rules of Engagement (ROE) and Directive on the Use of Force (DUF) guide the use of force according to the UN Charter and the Security Council mandate. They also comply with IHL and IHRL. They are legally binding documents internal to the UN. The ROE is for the military component and the DUF is for the police component, where Formed Police Units (FPUs) are authorized to carry arms. The Rules of Engagement (ROE) guide the use of force according to the UN Charter and the Security Council mandate. They also comply with IHL and IHRL. They are legally binding documents internal to the UN. The ROE is for the military component and the DUF is for the police component, where Formed Police Units (FPUs) are authorized to carry arms. Directive on the Use of Force (DUF) guide the use of force according to the UN Charter and the Security Council mandate. They also comply with IHL and IHRL. They are legally binding documents internal to the UN. The ROE is for the military component and the DUF is for the police component, where Formed Police Units (FPUs) are authorized to carry arms. What’s a Memorandum of Understanding? The MOU is a legal agreement. It details: How the UN will reimburse governments for troops, FPUs or equipment loaned to a peacekeeping operation; the obligations of contributing governments to ensure appropriate quality personnel and equipment; obligations of TCCs/PCCs, commanders, troops and police for prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping operations (since 2007). The MOU is a illegal agreement. It details: How the UN will reimburse governments for troops, FPUs or equipment loaned to a peacekeeping operation; the obligations of contributing governments to ensure appropriate quality personnel and equipment; obligations of TCCs/PCCs, commanders, troops and police for prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping operations (since 2007). The MUO is a legal agreement. It details: How the UN will reimburse governments for troops, FPUs or equipment loaned to a peacekeeping operation; the obligations of contributing governments to ensure appropriate quality personnel and equipment; obligations of TCCs/PCCs, commanders, troops and police for prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse in UN peacekeeping operations (since 2007). What’s a Status of Force Agreement? In peacekeeping operations with armed personnel, the UN has a SOFA with the host country. SOFA applies to all military, civilian and police. These legal agreements give “functional immunity” to all peacekeeping personnel on the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN. The agreements define the legal status and arrangements for: the UN’s use of facilities, transportation and other equipment and communications; freedom of movement in the country. In peacekeeping operations without armed personnel, the UN has a SOFA with the host country. SOFA applies to all military, civilian and police. These legal agreements give “functional immunity” to all peacekeeping personnel on the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN. The agreements define the legal status and arrangements for: the UN’s use of facilities, transportation and other equipment and communications; freedom of movement in the country. In peacekeeping operations without armed personnel, the UN has a SOFA with the host country. SOFA applies to all military, civilian and police. These legal agreements give “functional immunity” to all peacekeeping personnel on the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN. The agreements define the illegal status and arrangements for: the UN’s use of facilities, transportation and other equipment and communications; freedom of movement in the country. What’s a Status of Mission Agreement? For UN peacekeeping operations (or SPMs) with only unarmed personnel, the UN has a SOMA, which also applies to all mission personnel. A SOMA is a military directive allowing the UN to deploy armed forces in Member States without consent. A SOMA refers to temporary agreements between the UN and Member States for emergency military interventions. Define Integrated Strategic Framework. The ISF considers the combined mandates and resources of the mission and the UNCT. It creates a single framework of agreed priorities for peace consolidation. It outlines agreed results, responsibilities and timelines. The ISF outlines military strategies and logistics for peacekeeping missions, focusing on short-term goals The ISF outlines military strategies and logistics for peacekeeping meetings, focusing on short-term goals. Define Concept of Operations (CONOPS). The Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is prepared from the Mission Concept. The CONOPS outlines: 1) key security objectives, 2) requirements, and 3) tasks for military and police components. Military and police have their own CONOPS. The CONOPS is a legal framework for Member States, defining their responsibilities in peacekeeping missions. The CONOPS is a strategy document focusing on humanitarian aid distribution during UN missions. What are the THREE (3) Levels of authority on a peacekeeping mission? Strategic, operational, and tactical. The strategic level has the highest authority. It involves authority and responsibilities of the Security Council, Secretary-General, and Secretariat. The strategic level includes the Head of Mission. The operational level is mainly mission level. It overlaps with strategic and tactical levels. Administrative, operational, and tactical. The administrative level involves authority over mission resources and finances, while tactical refers to field operations. Political, logistical, and tactical. Political focuses on negotiations, logistical on supplies, and tactical on field strategies. What’s the Operational Authority for UN in relation with Member States and the Head of the Mission? The authority transferred by Member States to the United Nations to use the operational capabilities of their national military contingents, units, Formed Police Units and/or military and police personnel to undertake mandated missions and tasks. Operational authority over such forces is vested in the Secretary-General, under the authority of the Security Council. Operational authority involves ultimate authority at field level to direct all mission components. The HOM directs how the capabilities of mission components are used to carry out the mandate. This authority has been given to the HOM by the Secretary-General and USGs DPKO and DFS. The authority transferred by USA to the United Nations to use the operational capabilities of their national military contingents, units, Formed Police Units and/or military and police personnel to undertake mandated missions and tasks. Operational authority over such forces is vested in the Secretary-General, under the authority of the Security Council. Operational authority involves ultimate authority at field level to direct all mission components. The HOM directs how the capabilities of mission components are used to carry out the mandate. This authority has been given to the HOM by the Secretary-General and USGs DPKO and DFS. The authority isn't transferred by Member States to the United Nations to use the operational capabilities of their national military contingents, units, Formed Police Units and/or military and police personnel to undertake mandated missions and tasks. Operational authority over such forces is vested in the Secretary-General, under the authority of the Security Council. Operational authority involves ultimate authority at field level to direct all mission components. . What are the substantive components in a UN Peacekeeping Mission? UN military, police and civilian components are substantive components in UN peacekeeping operations. They implement mandated tasks. Substantive components directly assist local and national partners. By working together on mandated tasks, military, police and civilians help strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace. UN military and civilian components are substantive components in UN peacekeeping operations. They implement mandated tasks. Substantive components directly assist local and national partners. By working together on mandated tasks, military, police and civilians help strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace. UN military and police units form the substantive components of peacekeeping missions. Civilian roles are excluded unless requested by the host nation. What’s the primary function of the Military Component? The primary function of the military component in UN missions is to provide a secure environment as a precondition for moving ahead on other elements of the peace process or implementation of peace agreements. The military component focuses on enforcing international law and negotiating treaties between conflicting parties. The primary function of the military component is to oversee humanitarian aid distribution and coordinate local governance. What are the THREE (3) main categories of Military Personnel on the mission? Formed military units or contingents, Military experts on mission, Staff officers. Formed military battalions, Security consultants, Field coordinators. Military observers, Logistics officers, Field commanders. What are the TWO (2) Core Functions of the UNPOL component? Operational support or interim executive policing and other law enforcement. Support for reform, restructuring, and rebuilding of host state police. Providing legal aid to local authorities and monitoring judicial systems. Supporting the establishment of temporary police units within conflict zones. Conducting humanitarian relief efforts and assisting in international criminal investigations. What are the THREE (3) Main Categories for UNPOL? Individually deployed police officers – or individual police officers (IPOs), Specialized police teams (SPTs), Formed Police Units (FPUs). Individual law enforcement agents (ILEs), Tactical police teams (TPTs), Regional Police Contingents (RPCs). Individual police experts, Specialized legal teams, Coordinated civilian units. Define what’s the meaning of Individual Police Officer (IPO) IPOs are police or other law enforcement personnel assigned to serve with the UN on secondment by governments of Member States at the request of the Secretary-General. IPOs are independent consultants hired by the UN to provide technical advice on law enforcement policies. IPOs are police officers employed directly by the UN to train local authorities during peacekeeping missions. Define what’s the purpose of the Specialized Police Teams (SPTs). A SPT is a group of experts in a particular police area of expertise. Experts from one or more Member States are assigned to serve with the UN at the request of the Secretary-General. They are also on secondment. SPTs are police units trained by the UN to enforce peace agreements in conflict zones. SPTs are temporary police forces established by the UN to assist in humanitarian operations. . Explain the purpose of the Formed Police Units (FPUs). A FPU is a stand-alone unit of police officers deployed from the same country. FPUs are cohesive mobile police units. FPUs are about 140 officers. FPUs support UN peacekeeping operations and ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and missions. Their main task is public order management. A FPU is a unit of police officers deployed from the multiples country. FPUs are cohesive mobile police units. FPUs are about 140 officers. FPUs support UN peacekeeping operations and ensure the safety and security of UN personnel and missions. Their main task is public order management. FPUs are mobile military units tasked with overseeing humanitarian aid and logistical support for UN operations. Name the THREE (3) Mission Partners: National Partners: State actors, such as the host government, ministries, military and police. Non-state actors, such as civil society, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. UN Partners: UN agencies, funds, and programmes in a country (UNCT). External Partners: international, regional and foreign national actors (e.g., International Financial Institutions, International Donors, NGOs, ICRC, Individual Member States). National Partners: movie actors, such as the host government, ministries, military and police. Non-state actors, such as civil society, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. UN Partners: UN agencies, funds, and programmes in a country (UNCT). External Partners: international, regional and foreign national actors (e.g., International Financial Institutions, International Donors, NGOs, ICRC, Individual Member States). National Partners: State actors, such as the local police, ministries, military and police. state actors, such as civil society, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. UN Partners: UN agencies, funds, and programmes in a country (UNCT). External Partners: international, regional and foreign national actors (e.g., International Financial Institutions, International Donors, NGOs, ICRC, Individual Member States). What are the FOUR (4) Categories of the mandated tasks by the Security Council? Core Business, Support Roles, Peacebuilding Activities, and Cross-Cutting Thematic Tasks. Core Business, Administrative Roles, Peacebuilding Strategies, and Operational Mandates. Support Roles, Peacekeeping Objectives, Development Strategies, and Cross-Cutting Initiatives. . What is the Core Business in a Peacekeeping Mission? Give an example. The Security Council gives UNPKOs core functions to carry out. These core functions are also known as ‘core business.’ Tasks which are core business include: Supervision or monitoring of the ceasefire agreement, provision of a secure and stable environment, facilitating the political process. The Security Council outlines ‘core business’ functions, which include monitoring elections, mediating trade agreements, and supervising economic reforms. Core business tasks include overseeing post-conflict reconstruction, rebuilding infrastructure, and providing humanitarian relief. Name at least 3 (THREE) Peacebuilding Activities and explain one of them. Early peacebuilding activities are mandated to UNPKOs as priorities. They prevent more conflict and support lasting peace: Mine action – including demining: To reduce the threat and impact of landmines, explosives remnants of war, and other explosive hazards. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants. Security sector reform (SSR). Rule of Law (ROL) related activities – including judicial and corrections or prisons work. Electoral assistance. Support to restoration and extension of state authority. Peacebuilding activities focus on strengthening local governance, monitoring international trade, and supervising the disarmament of state actors. Examples include delivering humanitarian aid, facilitating cultural exchanges, and establishing temporary international courts. What is the Support Role function of the UNPOL component in relation with Humanitarian Aid? Peacekeeping personnel indirectly help deliver humanitarian aid by providing safe passage and a secure environment for humanitarian partners. Peacekeeping personnel do not provide humanitarian aid directly. Peacekeeping personnel assist in the direct delivery of humanitarian aid and oversee logistics for relief efforts. UNPOL directly distributes food, medical supplies, and financial aid to affected populations. Explain the meaning of Cross-Cutting Thematic Tasks and name at least 3 (THREE) of them. Human rights – protection and promotion. Women, Peace, and Security – gender equality. Protection of Civilians. Conflict-Related Sexual Violence – prevention and response. Child Protection. Cross-cutting thematic tasks include supervising ceasefires, organizing elections, and managing environmental policies. Examples include enforcing trade agreements, promoting cultural awareness, and supporting refugee repatriation. What is a Ceasefire Agreement? A ceasefire agreement is a type of peace agreement that refers to a temporary stoppage of war or any armed conflict for an agreed time or within a limited area. Each party agrees to suspend aggressive actions without making concessions. These are military agreements, designed to stop warring parties from continuing military actions while political negotiations find a more lasting solution. A ceasefire agreement is a type of peace disagreement that refers to a temporary stoppage of war or any armed conflict for an agreed time or within a limited area. Each party agrees to suspend aggressive actions without making concessions. These are military agreements, designed to stop warring parties from continuing military actions while political negotiations find a more lasting solution. A ceasefire agreement is a type of peace agreement that refers to a temporary stoppage of war or any armed conflict for an agreed time or within a limited area. Each party agrees to continues aggressive actions without making concessions. These are military agreements, designed to stop warring parties from continuing military actions while political negotiations find a more lasting solution. Explain the concept of “Humanitarian Space.” "Humanitarian Space" is also known as “Humanitarian Operating Environment.” This refers to an environment where receiving humanitarian aid is independent of military and political action. Humanitarian actors must maintain a clear distinction between themselves and political-military structures to ensure the safety of personnel and feasibility of their actions. "Human Space" is also known as “Humanitarian Operating Environment.” This refers to an environment where receiving humanitarian aid is independent of military and political action. Humanitarian actors must maintain a clear distinction between themselves and political-military structures to ensure the safety of personnel and feasibility of their actions. "Humanitarian Space" is also known as “Human Operating Environment.” This refers to an environment where receiving gifts aid is independent of military and political action. Humanitarian actors must maintain a clear distinction between themselves and political-military structures to ensure the safety of personnel and feasibility of their actions. Name the FOUR (4) Humanitarian Principles and explain ONE (1) of them. Humanity: Address human suffering wherever found. The most vulnerable get special attention: children, women, and the elderly. Respecting and protecting the dignity and rights of all victims is a shared responsibility. Neutrality: Provide humanitarian assistance without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in any controversies. Impartiality: Provide humanitarian assistance without discrimination. Independence: Humanitarian action must be independent and not part of political, economic, or military objectives. Humanity: Address human not suffering . The most vulnerable get special attention: man, children, women, and the elderly. Respecting and protecting the dignity and rights of all victims is a shared responsibility. Neutrality: Provide humanitarian assistance without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in any controversies. Impartiality: Provide humanitarian assistance without discrimination. Independence: Humanitarian action must be independent and not part of political, economic, or military objectives. inhumanity: Address human suffering wherever found. The most vulnerable get special attention: children, women, and the elderly. Respecting and protecting the dignity and rights of all victims is a shared responsibility. Neutrality: Provide humanitarian assistance without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in any controversies. Impartiality: Provide humanitarian assistance without discrimination. Independence: Humanitarian action must be independent and not part of political, economic, or military objectives. What are the FIVE (5) pillars of Mine Action? Clearance, Risk Education, Victim Assistance, Stockpile Destruction, and Advocacy. Clearance, Risk Mitigation, Casualty Support, Advocacy, and Mine Production Management. Demining, Risk Awareness, Victim Protection, Explosive Disposal, and Stockpile Management. What’s an Explosive Remnant of War (ERW)? Explosive remnants of war (ERW) are explosive devices left after a conflict which have not detonated. ERW includes cluster munitions, mortars, hand grenades, shells, and bullets. ERW are newly manufactured explosives deployed during peacekeeping operations for deterrence purposes. ERW refers to abandoned ammunition storage facilities found in post-conflict zones. What’s an Improvised Explosive Device? Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are explosive devices assembled by a user, and not made in a commercial factory. IEDs include time bombs, booby traps, and explosive devices carried by a suicide bomber. IEDs are commercially manufactured explosives designed for military use, typically deployed by armed forces. IEDs are explosive devices used for demolition and construction purposes, typically found in civilian areas. What’s the purpose of UNMAS? The United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) is the UN focal point for mine action. It ensures effective, proactive, and coordinated UN response. DPKO integrates mine action into UNPKOs. UNMAS provides direct support and assistance. UNMAS is the UN’s military arm responsible for securing borders and protecting civilians from conflict. UNMAS coordinates peacekeeping operations that directly engage in counterterrorism and military operations. Explain each part of the DDR process? Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives, and light and heavy weapons of combatants. Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. Reinsertion is short-term, transitional help to ex-combatants. This is during demobilization, but before reintegration. It covers the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families, and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment, and tools. Reintegration is when ex-combatants gain civilian status. They also gain sustainable employment and income. Armament is the collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives, and light and heavy weapons of combatants. Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. Reinsertion is short-term, transitional help to ex-combatants. This is during demobilization, but before reintegration. It covers the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families, and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment, and tools. Reintegration is when ex-combatants gain civilian status. They also gain sustainable employment and income. Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control, and disposal of small arms, ammunition, bombs, and dark and heavy weapons of combatants. Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. Reinsertion is long-term, transitional help to ex-combatants. This is during demobilization, but before reintegration. It covers the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families, and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment, and tools. Reintegration is when ex-combatants gain civilian status. They also gain sustainable employment and income. What’s the purpose of the Security Sector Reform? UNPKOs mainly support initiatives at the broadest, or sector-wide level of SSR. Sector-wide initiatives strengthen oversight, governance, and management of all security institutions. This goes beyond exercises such as “right-sizing” the security sector or “training and equipping” military and police. SSR focuses only on disbanding military and police forces in post-conflict societies. SSR primarily concerns the re-establishment of political control over security forces and their eventual integration into international peacekeeping units. What’s the meaning of Rule of Law? Rule of Law (ROL) is the legal and political framework that holds all people and institutions accountable, including the state. Rule of Law (ROL) refers to the government's exclusive control over law enforcement and judicial systems. Rule of Law (ROL) is a political system that guarantees the enforcement of international laws over local legislation. What’s the difference between Human Rights Violations and Human Rights Abuse? The term “human rights violation” is a failure by the state – through action or inaction – to perform its legally binding obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights. Human rights abuses are acts by non-state actors which prevent the enjoyment of human rights. Nonstate actors include: rebel groups, militias, corporations, or individuals. The term “human rights vulneration” is a failure by the state – through action or inaction – to perform its legally binding obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights. Human rights abuses are acts by non-state actors which prevent the enjoyment of human rights. Nonstate actors include: rebel groups, militias, corporations, or individuals. The term “human rights violation” is a failure by the state – through action or inaction – to perform its legally binding obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights. Human rights abuses are acts by state actors which prevent the enjoyment of human rights. State actors include: rebel groups, militias, corporations, or individuals. When talking about Human Rights and Special roles of the UNPOL, explain one of the following concepts: Mentoring: The Security Council often mandates UNPOL to mentor national police. In their daily contact, UNPOL strengthens capacity to: Vetting, training and advising: This important role is part of SSR. UNPOL may help with vetting, training, and advising a new or restructured local police service. These are perfect opportunities to make sure core training covers human rights, and all members of a new police force understand and can apply human rights principles. Human Rights officers often work with UNPOL to train local police services on human rights and advise on vetting procedures. Mentoring: The Security Council often mandates UNPOL to mentor national police. In their daily contact, UNPOL strengthens capacity to: Vetting, training and advising: This important role is part of SSR. UNPOL may help with vetting, training, and advising a new or restructured local police service. These are perfect opportunities to make sure core training covers human rights, and all members of a new police force understand and can apply human rights principles. Human Rights abusers officers often work with UNPOL to train local police services on human rights and advise on vetting procedures. Mentoring: UNPOL reviews national laws and recommends legislative changes to protect human rights. When talking about Human Rights and Special roles of the Military Personnel, explain one of the following concepts: Safe environment: Military peacekeeping personnel provide a safe and secure environment, which is important to deter human rights violations and/or abuses. They patrol, control borders, set up checkpoints and cordons close to refugee and/or IDP (Internal Displaced Persons) camps. They do this in alongside UNPOL. Physical protection: Military peacekeepers are responsible for offering direct physical protection to local police forces. Reinforcement of mission credibility: Military personnel primarily provide physical defense for humanitarian workers and international NGOs in the field. What’s the meaning of Sex for UN? Sex refers to biological differences between women and men. A person’s sex is: Biologically defined, Usually determined by birth, Universal. Sex refers to personal preferences or gender identity, defined by cultural standards. Sex refers to the roles and responsibilities that individuals fulfill based on societal expectations. What’s the meaning of Gender for UN? Gender refers to what a society considers proper, or fitting for women and men – behavior, actions, expectations, and roles. “In Ancient Egypt, men stayed at home and wove cloth. Women handled family business. Women inherited property and men did not.” These are statements about gender differences. Gender is: Social meaning and value given to being a woman or a man, Social characteristics – not biological differences – used to define a woman or a man. Gender refers to what a society considers improper, or fitting for women and men – behavior, actions, expectations, and roles. “In Ancient Egypt, men stayed at home and wove cloth. Women handled family business. Women inherited property and men did not.” These are statements about gender differences. Gender is: Social meaning and value given to being a woman or a man, Social characteristics – not biological differences – used to define a woman or a man. Gender refers to the physical roles and attributes assigned to men and women based on reproductive functions. What’s the definition of Gender equality? Gender equality means that women and men, boys and girls have equal rights, equal responsibilities and equal opportunities. It means no discrimination because of sex or gender. Women and men, boys and girls can equally fulfil their potential in all private and public areas of society – social, economic, political, religious. Equal treatment means the interests, needs and priorities of women and men get the same consideration and weight. Gender equality means that women and men should receive the same salary for the same work, but different roles based on traditional gender norms. Gender equality refers to the obligation of governments to implement laws that protect women’s rights while maintaining traditional family roles. What’s the definition of Gender perspective? A gender perspective is a way of looking at things. It always considers the impact of gender on people's opportunities, social roles, and relationships. A “gender lens” is another name for a gender perspective. A gender perspective is a legal framework for ensuring that women are equally represented in government and corporate positions. A gender perspective refers to the biological differences between men and women in societal roles. What’s the definition of gender mainstreaming? Mainstreaming a gender perspective or gender mainstreaming means to consistently consider gender and integrate gender considerations into decisions and actions. It involves assessing the implications of any planned action – legislation, policies, programmes and decisions – for women and men, girls and boys. Gender mainstreaming is the process of applying gender quotas to ensure equal representation of men and women in political offices. Gender mainstreaming focuses on allocating resources equally between men and women without considering societal or structural inequalities. What’s the definition of Gender Balance? Gender balance refers to the equal representation of women and men at all levels of employment. The General Assembly has set the goal of achieving a 50-50 representation of women and men in all professional posts, especially decision-making and senior positions. Gender balance refers to equal pay for men and women in all job sectors, regardless of their roles. Gender balance means having an equal number of men and women in the workforce, regardless of leadership or decision-making roles. What’s the definition of Women empowerment? Empowerment of women describes women gaining power and control over their own lives. Some societies raise girls to be confident and aware of their rights. In other societies, empowerment is a life journey. It may involve awareness-raising, building self-confidence, expansion of choices, and increased access to and control over resources. Women empowerment is the process by which women are encouraged to pursue traditional roles in their communities Women empowerment is the process by which women are provided with external resources to help improve their economic status. What’s the definition of Protection of Civilians (POC) in a UN Peacekeeping Mission? “All necessary means, up to and including the use of deadly force, aimed at preventing or responding to threats of physical violence against civilians, within capabilities and areas of operations, and without prejudice to the responsibility of the host government.” Protection of civilians focuses only on providing safe havens and humanitarian aid to those affected by conflict. Protection of civilians includes strictly military responses to potential violations of human rights, without considering civilian perspectives. . What’s the definition of Civilian for UN? A “civilian” refers to any person not directly taking part in hostilities or other acts of violence. A civilian may be in possession of arms, without having the status of “combatant.” Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), civilians armed for self-defense or to protect property are entitled to protection if they are not part of hostilities. When civilian status is in doubt, a person is to be considered a civilian A “civilian” refers to any person directly taking part in hostilities or other acts of violence. A civilian may be in possession of arms, without having the status of “combatant.” Under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), civilians armed for self-defense or to protect property are entitled to protection if they are not part of hostilities. When civilian status is in doubt, a person is to be considered a civilian A civilian refers to anyone who is not a member of a military force and is not actively involved in peacekeeping operations. What are the 3 (THREE) tiers in the POC Operational Concept? (Explain one of them) Tier I: Protection through dialogue and engagement: Dialogue is with perpetrators or possible perpetrators. Conflict resolution and mediation between parties to a conflict. A mission may use “good offices” to persuade a government and others to intervene to protect civilians. Public information and reporting on POC also support the mandate. Tier I involves military intervention to deter aggression, while other tiers focus on negotiation. Tier I is the deployment of peacekeepers to set up protective barriers for civilians in conflict zones. What are the 4 (FOUR) phases of response in Protection of Civilians? Prevention phase: Prevention is the main objective of POC. Prevention phase activities are carried out in areas where no clear threat to civilians has been identified. Tasks are mostly Tier III, building a protective environment. Pre-emption phase: To “pre-empt” means acting before something happens, to prevent it. Pre-emption activities are carried out when likely threats are identified and attacks against civilians are anticipated. These activities are proactive measures to reduce risks or eliminate threats before violence occurs. Response phase: Response activities are carried out when physical violence against civilians is obvious – in other words, POC violation is occurring or has occurred. The aim is to stop aggressors from conducting hostile acts. This involves political, legal and security responses. Consolidation phase: Consolidation activities are carried out when violence against civilians has occurred and subsided. Consolidation activities are frequently referred to as ‘stabilisation’ or ‘peacebuilding’ activities. Prevention phase: Prevention is not the main objective of POC. Prevention phase activities are carried out in areas where no clear threat to civilians has been identified. Tasks are mostly Tier III, building a protective environment. Pre-emption phase: To “pre-empt” means acting before something happens, to prevent it. Pre-emption activities are carried out when likely threats are identified and attacks against civilians are anticipated. These activities are proactive measures to reduce risks or eliminate threats before violence occurs. Response phase: Response activities are carried out when physical violence against civilians is obvious – in other words, POC violation is occurring or has occurred. The aim is to stop aggressors from conducting hostile acts. This involves political, legal and security responses. Consolidation phase: Consolidation activities are carried out when violence against civilians has occurred and subsided. Consolidation activities are frequently referred to as ‘stabilisation’ or ‘peacebuilding’ activities. Prevention phase: Prevention is the main objective of POC. Prevention phase activities are carried out in areas where no clear threat to civilians has been identified. Tasks are mostly Tier 0, building a bad environment. Pre-emption phase: To “pre-empt” means acting before something happens, to prevent it. Pre-emption activities are carried out when likely threats are identified and attacks against civilians are anticipated. These activities are proactive measures to reduce risks or eliminate threats before violence occurs. Response phase: Response activities are carried out when physical violence against civilians is obvious – in other words, POC violation is occurring or has occurred. The aim is to stop aggressors from conducting hostile acts. . What’s the meaning of Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV)? CRSV refers to incidents or patterns of sexual violence in conflict or post-conflict situations which include: rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity, against women, men, girls or boys.” Such incidents or patterns occur in conflict and post-conflict settings, or times of political strife. CRSV refers to sexual violence that happens during peacetime, as a result of societal breakdown. CRSV refers to any form of sexual violence in conflict situations that is exclusively targeted at military personnel. Name at least 3 (THREE) types of CRSV abuses Rape, Sexual slavery, in camps and in the bush, Forced prostitution, forced pregnancy and enforced sterilization, Other forms of sexual violence, for example sexual mutilation, emasculation and branding, forced marriage, abortion or incest. Rape, Psychological abuse, Forced migration. Sexual slavery, Torture, Forced labor. What’s the difference between CRSV and Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV)? Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV): SGBV also covers violence against people because of their sex. It is the same as GBV, but with emphasis on sexual violence. This is for urgent response to address the criminal nature and disruptive effects of sexual violence. The term CRSV distinguishes sexual violence in conflict or post-conflict settings and as a tactic of war. CRSV refers to any form of sexual violence, while SGBV is specifically related to violence by the state. CRSV refers to violence targeting individuals due to their sexual orientation, while SGBV refers to violence targeting women in conflict zones. What’s the definition of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)? SEA involves physical and psychological force, threats, inducements, deception or extortion for sexual purposes. SEA occurs when people with power misuse it against people with less power or inability to negotiate equally. For the UN, SEA by peacekeeping personnel is a failure to protect and help people affected by conflict. It breaks conduct and discipline rules. The UN has a strict “zero tolerance” policy that forbids SEA by peacekeeping personnel. SEA doesn`t involves physical and psychological force, threats, inducements, deception or extortion for sexual purposes. SEA occurs when people with power misuse it against people with less power or inability to negotiate equally. For the UN, SEA by peacekeeping personnel is a failure to protect and help people affected by conflict. It breaks conduct and discipline rules. The UN has a strict “zero tolerance” policy that forbids SEA by peacekeeping personnel. SEA refers to the legal process by which peacekeeping personnel prosecute criminals for sexual violence. What’s the definition of Survival Sex? “Survival sex” refers to exchanging sex for resources needed to survive, for example, money, accommodation, drugs or food. The UN does not define survival sex as CRSV unless the circumstances are coercive and without consent. Survival sex refers to the sale of sexual services in exchange for basic necessities during peacetime. Survival sex refers to consensual relationships between aid workers and beneficiaries in refugee camps. What is a Child for UN? International law treats individuals under 18 years as children, irrespective of the national legislation on the age of a child. All children under the age of 18 have special protections and care under international law. A child for the UN is any person under the age of 21, who requires protection and social services. A child for the UN is a person under the age of 18, but only those living in conflict zones are entitled to protection. What is Child Protection? The aim of Child Protection is to: Protect children from violence, abuse and neglect, Promote their rights. Protection of child rights includes attention to the right to food, health, and education. Children should have access to basic services such as health, food, sanitation, shelter, and clean water. Child Protection focuses on the legal representation of children in national courts and their right to inherit property. Child Protection involves preventing early marriages and ensuring children receive vocational training. Name at least TWO (2) of the Six Grave violations against Children’s Rights 1. Killing and maiming 2. Recruitment and use of children by any armed force or armed group 3. Abduction 4. Sexual violence 5. Attacks against schools and hospitals 6. Denial of humanitarian access 1. Forced labor 2. Denial of education 3. Destruction of homes 1. Economic exploitation 2. Forced marriages 3. Involuntary military service. Explain the DPKO-DFS Policy on Prohibition of Child Labour in UN Peacekeeping Operations (2011) The UN prohibits peacekeeping personnel from using anyone under 18 years for labour. Peacekeeping personnel cannot have a cook, cleaner, driver, or house help who is under the age of 18 years. This is child labour. Children are not allowed on UN premises to do any tasks. In some cultures, young girls set up stalls to sell milk or vegetables or cut hair. Since they are conducted by children, these services are not allowed and peacekeeping personnel must not support them. The UN allows children to assist peacekeeping personnel in non-combat roles such as cleaning and maintenance. The policy only applies to children working for humanitarian organizations and not directly in peacekeeping missions. . What’s the meaning of Core Value? What are the 3 (THREE) Core Values of UN? Core Values: shared principles and beliefs that underpin work of an organization. They guide actions and behaviours of its personnel. The three UN Core Values are: Integrity, Professionalism, Respect for diversity. Core Values: fundamental rights that dictate the terms of international peace agreements. The three UN Core Values are: Accountability, Transparency, Efficiency. Core Values are laws that govern peacekeeping conduct. The three UN Core Values are: Leadership, Justice, Compassion. Name at least THREE (3) UN Core Competencies and explain them The eight UN Core Competencies are: Communication, Teamwork, Planning and Organization, Accountability, Client Orientation, Creativity, Commitment to Continuous Learning, Technological Awareness Core Competencies focus on military skills, financial management, and leadership. Core Competencies include strategic thinking, operational command, and public speaking.

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