Unit 4 Chapters 14

1. A patient asks the nurse where nociceptors can be found. How should the nurse respond? One location in which nociceptors can be found is the: a. skin. b. spinal cord. c. efferent pathways. d. hypothalamus.

2. A nurse is discussing an individual’s conditioned or learned approach or avoidance behavior in response to pain. Which system is the nurse describing?. a. Sensory-discriminative system. b. Affective-motivational system. c. Sensory-motivational system. d. Cognitive-evaluative system.

3. A patient scrapes both knees while playing soccer and reports sharp and well-localized pain. Which of the following should the nurse document to most accurately characterize the pain?. a. Chronic pain. b. Referred pain. c. Somatic pain. d. Visceral pain.

4. A nurse should document on the chart that chronic pain is occurring when the patient reports the pain has lasted longer than: a. 1 month. b. 3-6 months. c. 1 year. d. 2-3 years.

5. Several years after an amputation the patient continues to sporadically feel pain in the absent hand. What type of pain should the nurse document in the chart?. a. Neuropathic pain. b. Visceral pain. c. Phantom limb pain. d. Chronic pain.

6. When planning care for a child in pain, which principle should the nurse remember? The pain threshold in children is _____ that of adults. a. higher than. b. more variable. c. the same as. d. not related to.

7. When the nurse is taking a patient’s temperature, which principle should the nurse remember? Regulation of body temperature primarily occurs in the: a. cerebrum. b. brainstem. c. hypothalamus. d. pituitary gland.

8. When the nurse is discussing the patient’s cyclical temperature fluctuation occurring on a daily basis, what term should the nurse use?. a. Thermogenesis cycle. b. Thermoconductive phases. c. Adaptive pattern. d. Circadian rhythm.

9. A nurse wants to teach about one of the primary organs responsible for heat production. Which organ should the nurse include?. a. Pancreas. b. Liver. c. Adrenal medulla. d. Heart.

10. Heat loss from the body via convection occurs by: a. evaporation of electromagnetic waves. b. transfer of heat through currents of liquids or gas. c. dilation of blood vessels bringing blood to skin surfaces. d. direct heat loss from molecule-to-molecule transfer.

11. For evaporation to function effectively as a means of dissipating excess body heat, which one of the following conditions must be present?. a. Moisture. b. Fever. c. Pyrogens. d. Trauma.

12. A patient received a prescription for a weight loss pill. One effect of the pills is to increase the release of epinephrine. Which of the following would be expected to also occur?. a. Decreased vascular tone. b. Increased skeletal muscle tone. c. Increased heat production. d. Decreased basal metabolic rate.

13. When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated?. a. The body’s thermostat is adjusted to a lower temperature. b. Temperature is raised above the set point. c. Bacteria directly stimulate peripheral thermogenesis. d. The body’s thermostat is reset to a higher level.

14. Exogenous pyrogens are: a. interleukins. b. endotoxins. c. prostaglandins. d. corticotropin-releasing factors.

15. Hikers are attempting to cross the Arizona desert with a small supply of water. The temperatures cause them to sweat profusely and become dehydrated. The hikers are experiencing: a. heat cramping. b. heat exhaustion. c. heat stroke. d. malignant hyperthermia.

16. What is the physiological response when the body’s core temperature is altered due to prolonged exposure to a cold environment?. a. Increased respirations. b. Ischemic tissue damage. c. CNS excitation. d. Increased cellular metabolism.

17. Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?. a. Mild elevation of core body temperatures. b. Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS. c. Spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities. d. Alterations in calcium uptake.

18. Which condition would be treated with therapeutic hypothermia?. a. Malnutrition. b. Hypothyroidism. c. Reimplantation surgery. d. Parkinson disease.

19. A patient is undergoing a sleep lab test. When the sleep lab worker notices EEG patterns with brain activity similar to the normal awake pattern, which phase of sleep is occurring?. a. Non–rapid eye movement (REM). b. Fast wave. c. REM. d. Delta wave.

20. Most memorable dreams occur during which sleep phase?. a. Non-REM. b. Alpha wave. c. REM. d. Delta wave.

21. During the sleep cycle, when does loss of temperature control occur?. a. Non-REM sleep. b. Light sleep. c. REM sleep. d. Delta wave sleep.

22. A 52-year-old male enters a sleep study to gather information about his sleep disturbances. He reports that his wife will not let him sleep in the bed with her until he stops snoring so loudly. He also reports feeling tired a lot through the day. When the nurse checks the chart, what is the most likely diagnosis?. a. Insomnia. b. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). c. Somnambulism. d. Jet-lag syndrome.

24. The ophthalmologist is teaching about the structure of the eye that prevents light from scattering in the eye. What structure is the ophthalmologist describing?. a. Iris. b. Pupil. c. Choroid. d. Retina.

25. A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?. a. Lens. b. Pupil. c. Cornea. d. Retina.

26. A young child presents to the ophthalmologist for visual difficulties secondary to eye deviation. One of the child’s eyes deviates inward, thereby decreasing the visual field. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?. a. Entropia. b. Extropia. c. Diplopia. d. Nystagmus.

27. A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?. a. Glaucoma. b. Ocular degeneration. c. Diplopia. d. Nystagmus.

28. A 70-year-old patient presents to the primary care provider reporting loss of vision. A history that includes hypertension and cigarette smoking supports which visual diagnosis?. a. Presbyopia. b. Macular degeneration. c. Strabismus. d. Amblyopia.

29. Which group of people is most prone to color blindness?. a. Males. b. Females. c. Elderly persons. d. Children.

30. A nurse is teaching about the structure that connects the middle ear with the pharynx. Which structure is the nurse describing?. a. Organ of Corti. b. Eustachian tube. c. Semicircular canal. d. Auditory canal.

31. The most common form of sensorineural hearing loss in the elderly is: a. conductive hearing loss. b. acute otitis media. c. presbycusis. d. Ménière disease.

32. A 15-year-old is diagnosed with an outer ear infection. Which of the following is most likely to cause this infection?. a. Haemophilus. b. Streptococcus pneumonia. c. Moraxella catarrhalis. d. Escherichia coli.

33. The nurse would expect the patient with an alteration in proprioception to experience vertigo, which is manifested by: a. headache. b. light sensitivity. c. a sensation that the room is spinning. d. loss of feeling in the lips.

34. Which system modulates a patient’s perception of pain?. a. Sensory-discriminative system. b. Affective-motivational system. c. Cognitive-evaluative system. d. Reticular-activating system.

1. While planning care for infants, which principles should the nurse remember? (select all that apply) Infants have problems with thermoregulation because they: a. cannot conserve heat. b. do not shiver. c. rarely sweat. d. have decreased metabolic rates. e. have excess subcutaneous fat.

2. A patient asks the nurse how often REM sleep occurs. The nurse responds, “About every _____ minutes.”. a. 15. b. 30. c. 60. d. 90.

1. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is characterized by a fever of ____° F or greater. a.101. b. 200. c. 150. d. 114.